diff --git a/.github/workflows/native-cli-publish.yml b/.github/workflows/native-cli-publish.yml
index 6d85c2abd..82197e13e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/native-cli-publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/native-cli-publish.yml
@@ -213,6 +213,17 @@ jobs:
               exit 1
             fi
             release_sha="${TARGET_SHA}"
+            # Why publishing is blocked here: the attestation certificate binds
+            # SourceRepositoryDigest to the workflow run head (GITHUB_SHA), never
+            # to the checked-out build commit, so assets published for an older
+            # release commit can never pass the dispatcher's tag-to-certificate
+            # verification. Recovery dispatch may only validate builds.
+            if [ "${should_publish}" = "true" ] && [ "${release_sha}" != "${GITHUB_SHA}" ]; then
+              echo "Recovery-target dispatch cannot publish release assets: the release commit ${release_sha} differs from the run head ${GITHUB_SHA}, so the attestation certificate digest would never match the release tag." >&2
+              echo "Rerun the original failed workflow run whose head commit is the release commit instead." >&2
+              echo "See docs/release-recovery-runbook.md for the recovery procedure." >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
           else
             if [ "${BUILD_SHA}" != "${GITHUB_SHA}" ] || [ "${TARGET_SHA}" != "${GITHUB_SHA}" ]; then
               echo "Build SHA and release target must match the approved event commit." >&2
diff --git a/docs/release-recovery-runbook.md b/docs/release-recovery-runbook.md
index 5fa0d0191..6076a7990 100644
--- a/docs/release-recovery-runbook.md
+++ b/docs/release-recovery-runbook.md
@@ -20,6 +20,30 @@ and [29459266044](https://github.com/hatayama/unity-cli-loop/actions/runs/294592
 The precise condition is a ref target different from the run's `GITHUB_SHA`,
 not merely an unreachable commit. Normal head-based releases are unaffected.
 
+## Publishing invariant: assets may only be published by the original run
+
+Attestation certificates bind `SourceRepositoryDigest` to the workflow run's
+head commit (`GITHUB_SHA`), never to the commit the build checked out. The
+dispatcher verifies that the release tag's commit equals the certificate
+digest, so a release is only downloadable when the publishing run's head IS
+the release commit.
+
+Therefore the only valid way to publish recovery assets is to **rerun the
+original failed run whose head is the release commit** (step 5 below). Never
+publish through a new `recovery-target` workflow-dispatch run on a later
+branch head: its certificates would carry the later head's digest while the
+tag points at the historical release commit, producing a release that
+permanently fails attestation verification. The workflow now rejects this
+combination in the publish job's "Verify release metadata" step; recovery
+dispatch runs remain usable for build validation only.
+
+This is not theoretical: `uloop-project-runner-v3.0.0-beta.48` was published
+on 2026-07-15 through a recovery dispatch run after the owner pre-created the
+tag and draft release. The tag points at the historical release commit
+(`2d8d1b94`) while the attestation certificates carry the dispatch run's head
+digest (`2c73c6ac`), so every cold-cache download of beta.48 fails
+verification on all platforms.
+
 ## Recovery procedure
 
 Run these commands with an owner-authenticated `gh` session. Replace every
@@ -67,8 +91,11 @@ Run these commands with an owner-authenticated `gh` session. Replace every
 
    Add `--prerelease` when the release tag is a prerelease tag.
 
-5. Rerun the failed publish job and approve the release environment if
-   prompted.
+5. Rerun the failed publish job of the original run whose head is the release
+   commit, and approve the release environment if prompted. Do not dispatch a
+   new `recovery-target` run to publish instead: a dispatch run on a later
+   head cannot produce valid attestations for the release commit, and the
+   workflow rejects it (see "Publishing invariant" above).
 
    ```sh
    gh run rerun <run-id> --repo <owner>/<repo> --failed
@@ -118,7 +145,9 @@ Run these commands with an owner-authenticated `gh` session. Replace every
 
 `native-cli-publish.yml` is the workflow with `recovery-target` and now emits
 this runbook path when tag or draft-release creation returns the observed 403.
-The creation and reuse logic is unchanged.
+The creation and reuse logic is unchanged. Its publish job refuses to publish
+assets from a recovery dispatch run whose head differs from the release
+commit, because such a run cannot produce matching attestations.
 
 `dispatcher-publish.yml` has no recovery-target input and requires its release
 target to equal `GITHUB_SHA`, so it has no historical-commit creation path.
diff --git a/scripts/test-native-cli-publish-workflow.sh b/scripts/test-native-cli-publish-workflow.sh
index 0b9356baf..24b8de61d 100755
--- a/scripts/test-native-cli-publish-workflow.sh
+++ b/scripts/test-native-cli-publish-workflow.sh
@@ -193,6 +193,17 @@ test_recovery_target_403_errors_explain_the_manual_recovery() {
   assert_contains 'See docs/release-recovery-runbook.md for the recovery procedure.'
 }
 
+test_recovery_dispatch_refuses_to_publish_from_a_different_head() {
+  # Verify recovery dispatch fails closed before publishing assets: the
+  # attestation certificate digest is always the run head, so publishing for an
+  # older release commit would create a release that never passes verification.
+  assert_contains 'if [ "${should_publish}" = "true" ] && [ "${release_sha}" != "${GITHUB_SHA}" ]; then'
+  assert_contains 'Recovery-target dispatch cannot publish release assets'
+  assert_contains 'Rerun the original failed workflow run whose head commit is the release commit instead.'
+  assert_before 'release_sha="${TARGET_SHA}"' 'Recovery-target dispatch cannot publish release assets'
+  assert_before 'Recovery-target dispatch cannot publish release assets' 'printf '\''RELEASE_SHA=%s\n'\'' "${release_sha}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"'
+}
+
 test_draft_creation_accepts_only_the_known_missing_tag_responses() {
   assert_contains '*"HTTP 404"*) tag_sha="" ;;'
   assert_contains '*"HTTP 422"*"No commit found for SHA"*|*"No commit found for SHA"*"HTTP 422"*) tag_sha="" ;;'
@@ -242,6 +253,7 @@ test_assets_are_attested_after_the_manifest_is_verified
 test_publish_rejects_manifest_and_existing_tag_mismatches
 test_release_tag_is_created_before_the_release
 test_recovery_target_403_errors_explain_the_manual_recovery
+test_recovery_dispatch_refuses_to_publish_from_a_different_head
 test_draft_creation_accepts_only_the_known_missing_tag_responses
 test_publish_rechecks_the_tag_and_uses_least_privilege_post_publish_permissions
 test_build_verifies_assets_before_writing_the_publish_input