From 4f980bdbf6e7174693ceea251e91ab9e8bd30b49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 07:38:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/20] feat: implement ad-hoc package selection for CI/CD

---
 .kokoro/system.sh                     | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt          |  4 +++
 ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt |  3 ++
 ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh         | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 ci/run_conditional_tests.sh           | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 131 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt
 create mode 100644 ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt
 create mode 100755 ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 1d4414b8a92a..1162b93d8545 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -246,6 +246,51 @@ for path in `find 'packages' \
   fi
 done
 
+# --- Ad-hoc Testing Integration ---
+TRIGGER_ADHOC="false"
+if [[ -n "${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}" ]]; then
+    echo "Checking for adhoc test label on PR #${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}..."
+    LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s -H "User-Agent: Kokoro" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels")
+
+    IS_ADHOC=$(python3 -c "
+import json
+import sys
+try:
+    labels = json.loads(sys.argv[1])
+    if any(l.get('name') == 'test:adhoc' for l in labels):
+        print('true')
+except Exception:
+    pass
+" "$LABELS_JSON")
+
+    if [[ "$IS_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
+        TRIGGER_ADHOC="true"
+        echo "Adhoc test label 'test:adhoc' found!"
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [[ "$TRIGGER_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "Running ad-hoc package selection..."
+    source ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
+
+    declare -A unique_packages
+    for pkg in "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}"; do
+        unique_packages["$pkg"]=1
+    done
+
+    for pkg in $ADHOC_PACKAGES; do
+        unique_packages["$pkg"]=1
+    done
+
+    PACKAGES_TO_TEST=()
+    for pkg in "${!unique_packages[@]}"; do
+        PACKAGES_TO_TEST+=("$pkg")
+    done
+
+    echo "Combined packages to test: ${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[*]}"
+fi
+# --- End Ad-hoc Testing Integration ---
+
 # Parallel Execution Logic
 MAX_JOBS=${MAX_JOBS:-4}
 
diff --git a/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt b/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2ea28bb05dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+handwritten: google-cloud-bigquery
+handwritten: google-cloud-logging
+core: google-api-core
+core: google-cloud-core
diff --git a/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt b/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ecbd2dfe04af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package: google-cloud-logging
+package: google-cloud-bigtable
+group: handwritten
diff --git a/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh b/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..2fb1d5eedfa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Script to determine ad-hoc packages to test.
+# This script is intended to be sourced from main test scripts.
+
+# Ensure we are in the project root if called directly,
+# but usually this is sourced and CWD is already project root.
+# For safety, we can use script location but if sourced $0 might be the parent script.
+# Let's assume CWD is project root as per system.sh behavior.
+
+ADHOC_DIR="ci/adhoc"
+STANDALONE_LIST="${ADHOC_DIR}/.standalone_package_list.txt"
+GROUPS_FILE="${ADHOC_DIR}/.package_groups.txt"
+
+if [[ ! -f "$STANDALONE_LIST" ]]; then
+    echo "Warning: $STANDALONE_LIST not found."
+    return 0 2>/dev/null || exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -f "$GROUPS_FILE" ]]; then
+    echo "Warning: $GROUPS_FILE not found."
+    return 0 2>/dev/null || exit 0
+fi
+
+# Grab individual packages
+adhoc_packages=$(grep "^package:" "$STANDALONE_LIST" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs)
+
+# Grab requested groups
+requested_groups=$(grep "^group:" "$STANDALONE_LIST" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs)
+
+# Expand groups
+for group in $requested_groups; do
+    group_pkgs=$(grep "^$group:" "$GROUPS_FILE" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs)
+    adhoc_packages="$adhoc_packages $group_pkgs"
+done
+
+# Convert to unique list (deduplicate our adhoc packages)
+ADHOC_PACKAGES=$(echo $adhoc_packages | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u | xargs)
+
+export ADHOC_PACKAGES
diff --git a/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh b/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
index 9b8eaee52e5b..aa1cb85acdcc 100755
--- a/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
+++ b/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
@@ -82,6 +82,34 @@ subdirs=(
     packages
 )
 
+# --- Ad-hoc Testing Integration ---
+TRIGGER_ADHOC="false"
+if [[ -n "${GITHUB_EVENT_PATH}" ]]; then
+    IS_ADHOC=$(python3 -c "
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+try:
+    with open(os.environ['GITHUB_EVENT_PATH']) as f:
+        event = json.load(f)
+    labels = event.get('pull_request', {}).get('labels', [])
+    if any(l.get('name') == 'test:adhoc' for l in labels):
+        print('true')
+except Exception:
+    pass
+")
+    if [[ "$IS_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
+        TRIGGER_ADHOC="true"
+        echo "Adhoc test label 'test:adhoc' found!"
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [[ "$TRIGGER_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "Running ad-hoc package selection..."
+    source ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
+fi
+# --- End Ad-hoc Testing Integration ---
+
 RETVAL=0
 
 for subdir in ${subdirs[@]}; do
@@ -103,6 +131,17 @@ for subdir in ${subdirs[@]}; do
             # If GIT_DIFF_ARG is empty, run all the tests.
             should_test=true
         fi
+
+        # Ad-hoc check
+        pkg_name=${d#packages/}
+        pkg_name=${pkg_name%%/*}
+        if [[ "$TRIGGER_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
+            if [[ " $ADHOC_PACKAGES " =~ " $pkg_name " ]]; then
+                echo "Ad-hoc test requested for ${pkg_name}"
+                should_test=true
+            fi
+        fi
+
         if [ "${should_test}" = true ]; then
             echo "running test in ${d}"
             pushd ${d}

From 59b51027f3a92a59da04679c4c9f067df408af00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 07:51:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/20] chore: revert ad-hoc integration in
 run_conditional_tests.sh to focus on system tests only

---
 ci/run_conditional_tests.sh | 39 -------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh b/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
index aa1cb85acdcc..9b8eaee52e5b 100755
--- a/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
+++ b/ci/run_conditional_tests.sh
@@ -82,34 +82,6 @@ subdirs=(
     packages
 )
 
-# --- Ad-hoc Testing Integration ---
-TRIGGER_ADHOC="false"
-if [[ -n "${GITHUB_EVENT_PATH}" ]]; then
-    IS_ADHOC=$(python3 -c "
-import json
-import os
-import sys
-try:
-    with open(os.environ['GITHUB_EVENT_PATH']) as f:
-        event = json.load(f)
-    labels = event.get('pull_request', {}).get('labels', [])
-    if any(l.get('name') == 'test:adhoc' for l in labels):
-        print('true')
-except Exception:
-    pass
-")
-    if [[ "$IS_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
-        TRIGGER_ADHOC="true"
-        echo "Adhoc test label 'test:adhoc' found!"
-    fi
-fi
-
-if [[ "$TRIGGER_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
-    echo "Running ad-hoc package selection..."
-    source ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
-fi
-# --- End Ad-hoc Testing Integration ---
-
 RETVAL=0
 
 for subdir in ${subdirs[@]}; do
@@ -131,17 +103,6 @@ for subdir in ${subdirs[@]}; do
             # If GIT_DIFF_ARG is empty, run all the tests.
             should_test=true
         fi
-
-        # Ad-hoc check
-        pkg_name=${d#packages/}
-        pkg_name=${pkg_name%%/*}
-        if [[ "$TRIGGER_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
-            if [[ " $ADHOC_PACKAGES " =~ " $pkg_name " ]]; then
-                echo "Ad-hoc test requested for ${pkg_name}"
-                should_test=true
-            fi
-        fi
-
         if [ "${should_test}" = true ]; then
             echo "running test in ${d}"
             pushd ${d}

From 55baa28f2967b19f190d4e17b02f12129ab47794 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 07:54:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/20] docs: add comment explaining inline python usage in
 system.sh

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 1162b93d8545..1b6508122bb0 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -252,6 +252,9 @@ if [[ -n "${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}" ]]; then
     echo "Checking for adhoc test label on PR #${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}..."
     LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s -H "User-Agent: Kokoro" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels")
 
+    # We use a small inline Python snippet here because parsing JSON in pure Bash is difficult/error-prone,
+    # and we cannot guarantee that tools like 'jq' or 'gh' are installed in the test environment.
+    # Python and its built-in 'json' module are guaranteed to be available in this repository.
     IS_ADHOC=$(python3 -c "
 import json
 import sys

From bc3081b67c3308e410bbc41fdb7f1233aa4ecf1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 07:58:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/20] docs: tweak comment explaining inline python usage

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 1b6508122bb0..fd7f66fea9d1 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -252,7 +252,8 @@ if [[ -n "${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}" ]]; then
     echo "Checking for adhoc test label on PR #${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}..."
     LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s -H "User-Agent: Kokoro" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels")
 
-    # We use a small inline Python snippet here because parsing JSON in pure Bash is difficult/error-prone,
+    # For this prototype:
+    # we use a small inline Python snippet here because parsing JSON in pure Bash is difficult/error-prone,
     # and we cannot guarantee that tools like 'jq' or 'gh' are installed in the test environment.
     # Python and its built-in 'json' module are guaranteed to be available in this repository.
     IS_ADHOC=$(python3 -c "

From b0d077ef10eb80c1db278bcbeb6dbcf31efeb886 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 08:38:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/20] fix: make grep commands safe and quote variables in
 adhoc_test_runner.sh

---
 ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh b/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
index 2fb1d5eedfa8..8a658da9013f 100755
--- a/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
+++ b/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ if [[ ! -f "$GROUPS_FILE" ]]; then
 fi
 
 # Grab individual packages
-adhoc_packages=$(grep "^package:" "$STANDALONE_LIST" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs)
+adhoc_packages=$(grep "^package:" "$STANDALONE_LIST" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs || true)
 
 # Grab requested groups
-requested_groups=$(grep "^group:" "$STANDALONE_LIST" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs)
+requested_groups=$(grep "^group:" "$STANDALONE_LIST" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs || true)
 
 # Expand groups
 for group in $requested_groups; do
-    group_pkgs=$(grep "^$group:" "$GROUPS_FILE" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs)
+    group_pkgs=$(grep "^$group:" "$GROUPS_FILE" | cut -d':' -f2 | xargs || true)
     adhoc_packages="$adhoc_packages $group_pkgs"
 done
 
 # Convert to unique list (deduplicate our adhoc packages)
-ADHOC_PACKAGES=$(echo $adhoc_packages | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u | xargs)
+ADHOC_PACKAGES=$(echo "$adhoc_packages" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u | xargs)
 
 export ADHOC_PACKAGES

From e710e45906b31ece35719a4f0fc12533559283cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 08:39:05 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/20] fix: add auth token to curl and harden inline python in
 system.sh

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index fd7f66fea9d1..4fbd85ddff33 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -250,7 +250,11 @@ done
 TRIGGER_ADHOC="false"
 if [[ -n "${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}" ]]; then
     echo "Checking for adhoc test label on PR #${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}..."
-    LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s -H "User-Agent: Kokoro" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels")
+    headers=(-H "User-Agent: Kokoro")
+    if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-${GH_TOKEN}}" ]]; then
+        headers+=(-H "Authorization: token ${GITHUB_TOKEN:-${GH_TOKEN}}")
+    fi
+    LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s "${headers[@]}" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels")
 
     # For this prototype:
     # we use a small inline Python snippet here because parsing JSON in pure Bash is difficult/error-prone,
@@ -261,8 +265,9 @@ import json
 import sys
 try:
     labels = json.loads(sys.argv[1])
-    if any(l.get('name') == 'test:adhoc' for l in labels):
-        print('true')
+    if isinstance(labels, list):
+        if any(isinstance(l, dict) and l.get('name') == 'test:adhoc' for l in labels):
+            print('true')
 except Exception:
     pass
 " "$LABELS_JSON")

From fbab28a636604e96a16c84df434729e1e79f0585 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Chalmer Lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 09:26:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/20] Apply suggestion from @chalmerlowe

---
 ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh b/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
index 8a658da9013f..a7e0c10f880b 100755
--- a/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
+++ b/ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # Script to determine ad-hoc packages to test.
 # This script is intended to be sourced from main test scripts.
-
+#
 # Ensure we are in the project root if called directly,
 # but usually this is sourced and CWD is already project root.
 # For safety, we can use script location but if sourced $0 might be the parent script.

From 4bda578c41ff99a6d861f0030fcfb6c5f7faceca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 09:33:05 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/20] fix: harden ad-hoc integration in system.sh against
 silent failures

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 22 ++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 4fbd85ddff33..628ce7a3a3c9 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@ if [[ -n "${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}" ]]; then
     if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-${GH_TOKEN}}" ]]; then
         headers+=(-H "Authorization: token ${GITHUB_TOKEN:-${GH_TOKEN}}")
     fi
-    LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s "${headers[@]}" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels")
+    # Hardened curl call with || true to prevent script termination if network fails
+    LABELS_JSON=$(curl -s "${headers[@]}" "https://api.github.com/repos/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/${KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER}/labels" || echo "[]")
 
     # For this prototype:
     # we use a small inline Python snippet here because parsing JSON in pure Bash is difficult/error-prone,
@@ -275,6 +276,8 @@ except Exception:
     if [[ "$IS_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
         TRIGGER_ADHOC="true"
         echo "Adhoc test label 'test:adhoc' found!"
+    else
+        echo "Adhoc test label not found or error occurred."
     fi
 fi
 
@@ -282,19 +285,10 @@ if [[ "$TRIGGER_ADHOC" == "true" ]]; then
     echo "Running ad-hoc package selection..."
     source ci/adhoc/adhoc_test_runner.sh
 
-    declare -A unique_packages
-    for pkg in "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}"; do
-        unique_packages["$pkg"]=1
-    done
-
-    for pkg in $ADHOC_PACKAGES; do
-        unique_packages["$pkg"]=1
-    done
-
-    PACKAGES_TO_TEST=()
-    for pkg in "${!unique_packages[@]}"; do
-        PACKAGES_TO_TEST+=("$pkg")
-    done
+    echo "Deduplicating packages..."
+    # Portable deduplication avoiding 'declare -A' (compatible with older Bash)
+    COMBINED=$(printf "%s\n" "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" $ADHOC_PACKAGES | sort -u | grep -v '^$' || true)
+    PACKAGES_TO_TEST=($COMBINED)
 
     echo "Combined packages to test: ${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[*]}"
 fi

From 4424735289f3ef4b80a4aad74fcebf7f673af17d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 10:04:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/20] chore: add experimental comment to trigger kokoro

---
 .../cloud/speech_v1/services/speech/client.py    | 16 ++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/google-cloud-speech/google/cloud/speech_v1/services/speech/client.py b/packages/google-cloud-speech/google/cloud/speech_v1/services/speech/client.py
index 0ac38ec19cdf..4639cae41d8e 100644
--- a/packages/google-cloud-speech/google/cloud/speech_v1/services/speech/client.py
+++ b/packages/google-cloud-speech/google/cloud/speech_v1/services/speech/client.py
@@ -13,6 +13,16 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 #
+# EXPERIMENTAL: This is a temporary change to trigger Kokoro system tests.
+# Because Kokoro is currently configured to only watch specific package paths (like packages/google-cloud-speech/.*),
+# we must touch a file in one of those paths to wake it up.
+#
+# This file is GAPIC_AUTO, and this specific file is NOT one of the 5 tracked files (setup.py, etc.)
+# in system.sh, so this change will NOT trigger tests for google-cloud-speech itself.
+#
+# If this ad-hoc testing prototype proves successful, we will update the internal Kokoro
+# JobConfigs to watch 'ci/adhoc/.*' instead, eliminating the need for this workaround.
+
 import json
 import logging as std_logging
 import os
@@ -45,9 +55,8 @@
 from google.auth.exceptions import MutualTLSChannelError  # type: ignore
 from google.auth.transport import mtls  # type: ignore
 from google.auth.transport.grpc import SslCredentials  # type: ignore
-from google.oauth2 import service_account  # type: ignore
-
 from google.cloud.speech_v1 import gapic_version as package_version
+from google.oauth2 import service_account  # type: ignore
 
 try:
     OptionalRetry = Union[retries.Retry, gapic_v1.method._MethodDefault, None]
@@ -67,9 +76,8 @@
 import google.api_core.operation_async as operation_async  # type: ignore
 import google.protobuf.duration_pb2 as duration_pb2  # type: ignore
 import google.rpc.status_pb2 as status_pb2  # type: ignore
-from google.longrunning import operations_pb2  # type: ignore
-
 from google.cloud.speech_v1.types import cloud_speech
+from google.longrunning import operations_pb2  # type: ignore
 
 from .transports.base import DEFAULT_CLIENT_INFO, SpeechTransport
 from .transports.grpc import SpeechGrpcTransport

From f38b42c90151034158fae59132740e80a303eab4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 13:57:05 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/20] chore: add experimental timeout to parallel test
 execution in system.sh

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 628ce7a3a3c9..41caaedba0c6 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -332,8 +332,9 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
         log_file="$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
       fi
 
-      # Run test; if it fails, create a .failed file to signal failure to the reaper
-      run_package_test "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
+      # EXPERIMENTAL: Added timeout to prevent hanging tests from blocking the whole run.
+      # This is for experimentation only and will be removed in the final design.
+      timeout 45m run_package_test "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
     ' _ "{}"
 
 reap_parallel_results || RETVAL=1

From 962bc9e08bd0a1212ae3ebb50e9087ae7c97f099 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 13:57:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/20] chore: replace heavy packages (bigquery, bigtable) with
 lighter ones in adhoc configs

---
 ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt          | 2 +-
 ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt b/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt
index 2ea28bb05dcf..fe24e6ba4c96 100644
--- a/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt
+++ b/ci/adhoc/.package_groups.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-handwritten: google-cloud-bigquery
+handwritten: google-cloud-translate
 handwritten: google-cloud-logging
 core: google-api-core
 core: google-cloud-core
diff --git a/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt b/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt
index ecbd2dfe04af..31760352449c 100644
--- a/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt
+++ b/ci/adhoc/.standalone_package_list.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package: google-cloud-logging
-package: google-cloud-bigtable
+package: google-cloud-dns
 group: handwritten

From 7ca31c92736faa233f1917caaa5e4c2d3693ff36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 14:31:45 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/20] fix: wrap run_package_test in bash -c for timeout
 command

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 41caaedba0c6..1f54334b2665 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -334,7 +334,8 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
 
       # EXPERIMENTAL: Added timeout to prevent hanging tests from blocking the whole run.
       # This is for experimentation only and will be removed in the final design.
-      timeout 45m run_package_test "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
+      # We must use 'bash -c' because timeout expects an executable, not an exported function.
+      timeout 45m bash -c 'run_package_test "$1"' _ "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
     ' _ "{}"
 
 reap_parallel_results || RETVAL=1

From 801d0f6263d46b5cabb7adfa8ac439ad67a83191 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2026 17:24:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/20] chore: inject intentional failure in
 google-resumable-media to test ad-hoc behavior

---
 .../tests/system/requests/test_download.py            | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py b/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py
index f0bd6c7e30e1..5d0a517e9e97 100644
--- a/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py
+++ b/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py
@@ -21,15 +21,13 @@
 
 import google.auth  # type: ignore
 import google.auth.transport.requests as tr_requests  # type: ignore
-import pytest  # type: ignore
-
-from google.resumable_media import common
 import google.resumable_media.requests as resumable_requests
-from google.resumable_media import _helpers
-from google.resumable_media.requests import _request_helpers
 import google.resumable_media.requests.download as download_mod
-from tests.system import utils
+import pytest  # type: ignore
+from google.resumable_media import _helpers, common
+from google.resumable_media.requests import _request_helpers
 
+from tests.system import utils
 
 CURR_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
 DATA_DIR = os.path.join(CURR_DIR, "..", "..", "data")
@@ -270,6 +268,7 @@ def _read_response_content(response):
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("checksum", ["md5", "crc32c", None])
     def test_download_full(self, add_files, authorized_transport, checksum):
+        assert False, "Intentional failure to verify ad-hoc testing behavior"
         for info in ALL_FILES:
             actual_contents = self._get_contents(info)
             blob_name = get_blob_name(info)

From 3ac8fa5fd8e632769e33f780622b2547c8850f26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 05:07:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/20] chore: break setup.py in google-resumable-media to
 guarantee failure

---
 packages/google-resumable-media/setup.py                         | 1 +
 .../tests/system/requests/test_download.py                       | 1 -
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/google-resumable-media/setup.py b/packages/google-resumable-media/setup.py
index 44606bbfb63c..c20c30450da2 100644
--- a/packages/google-resumable-media/setup.py
+++ b/packages/google-resumable-media/setup.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import setuptools
 
+raise RuntimeError("Intentional breakage to verify ad-hoc testing behavior")
 
 PACKAGE_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
diff --git a/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py b/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py
index 5d0a517e9e97..260adaa94f9a 100644
--- a/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py
+++ b/packages/google-resumable-media/tests/system/requests/test_download.py
@@ -268,7 +268,6 @@ def _read_response_content(response):
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("checksum", ["md5", "crc32c", None])
     def test_download_full(self, add_files, authorized_transport, checksum):
-        assert False, "Intentional failure to verify ad-hoc testing behavior"
         for info in ALL_FILES:
             actual_contents = self._get_contents(info)
             blob_name = get_blob_name(info)

From 2269f4e842f86908bce33524e70c7bb9176bf405 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 05:12:40 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/20] chore: dump logs for passed packages in system.sh for
 debugging

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 1f54334b2665..f809a6aae5e0 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -160,8 +160,20 @@ reap_parallel_results() {
 
   if [ ${#passed_packages[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
     echo ""
-    echo "PASSED PACKAGES:"
-    printf "%s\n" "${passed_packages[@]}" | sort | sed 's/^/- /'
+    echo "=================================================="
+    echo "             LOGS FOR PASSED PACKAGES             "
+    echo "=================================================="
+    for pkg in "${passed_packages[@]}"; do
+      echo "--------------------------------------------------"
+      echo "LOGS FOR PASSED PACKAGE: $pkg"
+      echo "--------------------------------------------------"
+      if [ -n "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR" ] && [ -f "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log" ]; then
+        cat "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log"
+      else
+        cat "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
+      fi
+      echo ""
+    done
   fi
 
   if [ "$failed_count" -gt 0 ]; then

From 4861794b6aa55ce69f5ad271918f4881c18ce940 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 05:22:40 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/20] chore: add debug echoes and robustify log dumping in
 system.sh

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 14 +++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index f809a6aae5e0..2f8cbf7d339f 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -169,8 +169,11 @@ reap_parallel_results() {
       echo "--------------------------------------------------"
       if [ -n "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR" ] && [ -f "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log" ]; then
         cat "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log"
-      else
+      elif [ -f "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log" ]; then
         cat "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
+      else
+        echo "Warning: No log file found for passed package $pkg"
+        echo "Expected either $KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log or $LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
       fi
       echo ""
     done
@@ -187,8 +190,11 @@ reap_parallel_results() {
         echo "--------------------------------------------------"
         if [ -n "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR" ] && [ -f "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log" ]; then
           cat "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log"
-        else
+        elif [ -f "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log" ]; then
           cat "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
+        else
+          echo "Warning: No log file found for failed package $pkg"
+          echo "Expected either $KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg/sponge_log.log or $LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
         fi
         echo ""
       fi
@@ -335,14 +341,16 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
   | xargs -P "$MAX_JOBS" -I {} \
     bash -c '
       pkg="$1"
+      echo "Processing package: $pkg"
       # Determine log location: prefer Sponge artifacts directory if available
       if [ -n "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR" ]; then
         pkg_log_dir="$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR/$pkg"
-        mkdir -p "$pkg_log_dir" || { touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"; exit 1; }
+        mkdir -p "$pkg_log_dir" || { echo "Failed to mkdir $pkg_log_dir"; touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"; exit 1; }
         log_file="$pkg_log_dir/sponge_log.log"
       else
         log_file="$LOG_DIR/$pkg.log"
       fi
+      echo "Log file for $pkg: $log_file"
 
       # EXPERIMENTAL: Added timeout to prevent hanging tests from blocking the whole run.
       # This is for experimentation only and will be removed in the final design.

From b2199b3cb83e1a923fde4a845fc0f77a6edff41c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 05:30:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/20] fix: resolve nested quoting bug in timeout command

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 2f8cbf7d339f..4d48fca902c7 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -355,7 +355,8 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
       # EXPERIMENTAL: Added timeout to prevent hanging tests from blocking the whole run.
       # This is for experimentation only and will be removed in the final design.
       # We must use 'bash -c' because timeout expects an executable, not an exported function.
-      timeout 45m bash -c 'run_package_test "$1"' _ "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
+      # Using double quotes to avoid breaking the outer single-quoted script.
+      timeout 45m bash -c "run_package_test \"\$1\"" _ "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
     ' _ "{}"
 
 reap_parallel_results || RETVAL=1

From aeac1b1d05a2fc849f194c4f553fe75fe3036220 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 05:39:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/20] fix: refactor xargs to use -n 1 for robust argument
 passing

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 4d48fca902c7..c3acae36059e 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ export system_test_script PROJECT_ROOT KOKORO_GFILE_DIR
 # -P "$MAX_JOBS" controls concurrency
 # -I {} replaces {} with the package name
 printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
-  | xargs -P "$MAX_JOBS" -I {} \
+  | xargs -n 1 -P "$MAX_JOBS" \
     bash -c '
       pkg="$1"
       echo "Processing package: $pkg"
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
       # We must use 'bash -c' because timeout expects an executable, not an exported function.
       # Using double quotes to avoid breaking the outer single-quoted script.
       timeout 45m bash -c "run_package_test \"\$1\"" _ "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
-    ' _ "{}"
+    ' _
 
 reap_parallel_results || RETVAL=1
 

From 73100e7daa42a7273ea511db0a091b378cfa3109 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 05:48:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/20] fix: simplify argument passing to bash -c in xargs to
 avoid positional parameter confusion

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index c3acae36059e..38bc55b947b1 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ export system_test_script PROJECT_ROOT KOKORO_GFILE_DIR
 printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
   | xargs -n 1 -P "$MAX_JOBS" \
     bash -c '
-      pkg="$1"
+      pkg="$0"
       echo "Processing package: $pkg"
       # Determine log location: prefer Sponge artifacts directory if available
       if [ -n "$KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR" ]; then
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
       # We must use 'bash -c' because timeout expects an executable, not an exported function.
       # Using double quotes to avoid breaking the outer single-quoted script.
       timeout 45m bash -c "run_package_test \"\$1\"" _ "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
-    ' _
+    '
 
 reap_parallel_results || RETVAL=1
 

From 042227d23916e0907436fc7f8da0904357e576ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: chalmer lowe <chalmerlowe@google.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2026 06:03:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/20] fix: resolve catastrophic quoting bug caused by single
 quotes in comment

---
 .kokoro/system.sh | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.kokoro/system.sh b/.kokoro/system.sh
index 38bc55b947b1..92da612a4ec3 100755
--- a/.kokoro/system.sh
+++ b/.kokoro/system.sh
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ printf '%s\n' "${PACKAGES_TO_TEST[@]}" \
 
       # EXPERIMENTAL: Added timeout to prevent hanging tests from blocking the whole run.
       # This is for experimentation only and will be removed in the final design.
-      # We must use 'bash -c' because timeout expects an executable, not an exported function.
+      # We must use "bash -c" because timeout expects an executable, not an exported function.
       # Using double quotes to avoid breaking the outer single-quoted script.
       timeout 45m bash -c "run_package_test \"\$1\"" _ "$pkg" > "$log_file" 2>&1 || touch "$LOG_DIR/$pkg.failed"
     '