Streamline `@opentelemetry/instrumentation-dataloader`

[nicohrubec]

Streamline this vendored instrumentation to the SDK's needs in four steps:

1. Improve test coverage for the parts of the instrumentation the SDK uses.
2. Clean out unused parts, relying on the tests from step 1 to catch regressions.
3. Remove the /* eslint-disable */ and make the vendored files pass the linter if possible without breakage.
4. Replace otel tracer API calls with Sentry API calls.

[linear-code]

JS-2377

[github-actions]

A PR closing this issue has just been released 🚀

This issue was referenced by PR #21475, which was included in the 10.58.0 release.