From 6a2eb1d391a26dd9b97b9c971eb65c9f2bba6bd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: resu-xuniL <linux@lavache.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 20:10:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Add `game-of-life` exercice

---
 config.json                                   |   8 +
 .../game-of-life/.docs/instructions.md        |  11 +
 .../game-of-life/.docs/introduction.md        |   9 +
 .../practice/game-of-life/.meta/config.json   |  19 +
 .../practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh    |  77 +++
 .../practice/game-of-life/.meta/tests.toml    |  34 +
 .../practice/game-of-life/bats-extra.bash     | 637 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats   | 145 ++++
 .../practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.sh     |  24 +
 9 files changed, 964 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/instructions.md
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/introduction.md
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/config.json
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/tests.toml
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/bats-extra.bash
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats
 create mode 100644 exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.sh

diff --git a/config.json b/config.json
index ebb3e41e..47267e04 100644
--- a/config.json
+++ b/config.json
@@ -667,6 +667,14 @@
           "math"
         ]
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "game-of-life",
+        "name": "Conway's Game of Life",
+        "uuid": "8a0f7cae-d5f5-4cda-9fc1-5b7ff3774be7",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 4
+      },
       {
         "slug": "diamond",
         "name": "Diamond",
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/instructions.md b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/instructions.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49531406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/instructions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Instructions
+
+After each generation, the cells interact with their eight neighbors, which are cells adjacent horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
+
+The following rules are applied to each cell:
+
+- Any live cell with two or three live neighbors lives on.
+- Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors becomes a live cell.
+- All other cells die or stay dead.
+
+Given a matrix of 1s and 0s (corresponding to live and dead cells), apply the rules to each cell, and return the next generation.
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/introduction.md b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/introduction.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2347b936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.docs/introduction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Introduction
+
+[Conway's Game of Life][game-of-life] is a fascinating cellular automaton created by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970.
+
+The game consists of a two-dimensional grid of cells that can either be "alive" or "dead."
+
+After each generation, the cells interact with their eight neighbors via a set of rules, which define the new generation.
+
+[game-of-life]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/config.json b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/config.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6fab640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "resu-xuniL"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "game_of_life.sh"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "game_of_life.bats"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.sh"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Implement Conway's Game of Life.",
+  "source": "Wikipedia",
+  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life"
+}
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd19d62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+declare -A matrix
+declare -i height width
+
+create_matrix() {
+    local -i col row=0
+
+    while read -r line; do
+        for ((col = 0; col < ${#line}; col++)); do
+            matrix[${col},${row}]=${line:col:1}
+        done
+
+        height=${#line}
+        (( row++ ))
+    done < <(printf "%s\n" "${@//, /}")
+
+    width=$row
+}
+
+tick() {
+    local -A next_matrix
+    local -i row col countLiveCell
+
+    for ((row = 0; row < height; row++)); do
+        for ((col = 0; col < width; col++)); do
+            countLiveCell=$(check_neighborhood $col $row)
+
+            if (( ${matrix[${col},${row}]} == 1 && (countLiveCell == 2 || countLiveCell == 3) )); then
+                next_matrix[${col},${row}]=1
+            elif (( ${matrix[${col},${row}]} == 0 && countLiveCell == 3 )); then
+                next_matrix[${col},${row}]=1
+            else
+                next_matrix[${col},${row}]=0
+            fi
+        done
+    done
+
+    print_next_matrix "next_matrix"
+}
+
+check_neighborhood() {
+    local cell_col=$1 cell_row=$2
+    local -i neighb_row neighb_col
+    local count=0
+
+    for check_row in -1 0 1; do
+        neighb_row=$(( check_row + cell_row ))
+        (( neighb_row < 0 || neighb_row >= height )) && continue
+        for check_col in -1 0 1; do
+            neighb_col=$(( check_col + cell_col ))
+            (( neighb_col < 0 || neighb_col >= width )) && continue
+            (( check_row == 0 && check_col == 0 )) && continue
+
+            (( count+=${matrix[${neighb_col},${neighb_row}]} ))
+        done
+    done
+
+    echo $count
+}
+
+print_next_matrix() {
+    local -n array=$1
+    local -i row col
+    local output
+
+    for ((row = 0; row < height; row++)); do
+            output=""
+        for ((col = 0; col < width; col++)); do
+            output+="${array[${col},${row}]}, "
+        done
+       echo "${output%, }"
+    done
+}
+
+create_matrix "$@"
+tick
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/tests.toml b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/tests.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..398cd454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/tests.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[ae86ea7d-bd07-4357-90b3-ac7d256bd5c5]
+description = "empty matrix"
+
+[4ea5ccb7-7b73-4281-954a-bed1b0f139a5]
+description = "live cells with zero live neighbors die"
+
+[df245adc-14ff-4f9c-b2ae-f465ef5321b2]
+description = "live cells with only one live neighbor die"
+
+[2a713b56-283c-48c8-adae-1d21306c80ae]
+description = "live cells with two live neighbors stay alive"
+
+[86d5c5a5-ab7b-41a1-8907-c9b3fc5e9dae]
+description = "live cells with three live neighbors stay alive"
+
+[015f60ac-39d8-4c6c-8328-57f334fc9f89]
+description = "dead cells with three live neighbors become alive"
+
+[2ee69c00-9d41-4b8b-89da-5832e735ccf1]
+description = "live cells with four or more neighbors die"
+
+[a79b42be-ed6c-4e27-9206-43da08697ef6]
+description = "bigger matrix"
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/bats-extra.bash b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/bats-extra.bash
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54d48070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/bats-extra.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,637 @@
+# This is the source code for bats-support and bats-assert, concatenated
+# * https://github.com/bats-core/bats-support
+# * https://github.com/bats-core/bats-assert
+#
+# Comments have been removed to save space. See the git repos for full source code.
+
+############################################################
+#
+# bats-support - Supporting library for Bats test helpers
+#
+# Written in 2016 by Zoltan Tombol <zoltan dot tombol at gmail dot com>
+#
+# To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
+# copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the
+# public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any
+# warranty.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
+# along with this software. If not, see
+# <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
+#
+
+fail() {
+  (( $# == 0 )) && batslib_err || batslib_err "$@"
+  return 1
+}
+
+batslib_is_caller() {
+  local -i is_mode_direct=1
+
+  # Handle options.
+  while (( $# > 0 )); do
+    case "$1" in
+      -i|--indirect) is_mode_direct=0; shift ;;
+      --) shift; break ;;
+      *) break ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  # Arguments.
+  local -r func="$1"
+
+  # Check call stack.
+  if (( is_mode_direct )); then
+    [[ $func == "${FUNCNAME[2]}" ]] && return 0
+  else
+    local -i depth
+    for (( depth=2; depth<${#FUNCNAME[@]}; ++depth )); do
+      [[ $func == "${FUNCNAME[$depth]}" ]] && return 0
+    done
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+batslib_err() {
+  { if (( $# > 0 )); then
+      echo "$@"
+    else
+      cat -
+    fi
+  } >&2
+}
+
+batslib_count_lines() {
+  local -i n_lines=0
+  local line
+  while IFS='' read -r line || [[ -n $line ]]; do
+    (( ++n_lines ))
+  done < <(printf '%s' "$1")
+  echo "$n_lines"
+}
+
+batslib_is_single_line() {
+  for string in "$@"; do
+    (( $(batslib_count_lines "$string") > 1 )) && return 1
+  done
+  return 0
+}
+
+batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width() {
+  local -i max_len=-1
+  while (( $# != 0 )); do
+    local -i key_len="${#1}"
+    batslib_is_single_line "$2" && (( key_len > max_len )) && max_len="$key_len"
+    shift 2
+  done
+  echo "$max_len"
+}
+
+batslib_print_kv_single() {
+  local -ir col_width="$1"; shift
+  while (( $# != 0 )); do
+    printf '%-*s : %s\n' "$col_width" "$1" "$2"
+    shift 2
+  done
+}
+
+batslib_print_kv_multi() {
+  while (( $# != 0 )); do
+    printf '%s (%d lines):\n' "$1" "$( batslib_count_lines "$2" )"
+    printf '%s\n' "$2"
+    shift 2
+  done
+}
+
+batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi() {
+  local -ir width="$1"; shift
+  local -a pairs=( "$@" )
+
+  local -a values=()
+  local -i i
+  for (( i=1; i < ${#pairs[@]}; i+=2 )); do
+    values+=( "${pairs[$i]}" )
+  done
+
+  if batslib_is_single_line "${values[@]}"; then
+    batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${pairs[@]}"
+  else
+    local -i i
+    for (( i=1; i < ${#pairs[@]}; i+=2 )); do
+      pairs[$i]="$( batslib_prefix < <(printf '%s' "${pairs[$i]}") )"
+    done
+    batslib_print_kv_multi "${pairs[@]}"
+  fi
+}
+
+batslib_prefix() {
+  local -r prefix="${1:-  }"
+  local line
+  while IFS='' read -r line || [[ -n $line ]]; do
+    printf '%s%s\n' "$prefix" "$line"
+  done
+}
+
+batslib_mark() {
+  local -r symbol="$1"; shift
+  # Sort line numbers.
+  set -- $( sort -nu <<< "$( printf '%d\n' "$@" )" )
+
+  local line
+  local -i idx=0
+  while IFS='' read -r line || [[ -n $line ]]; do
+    if (( ${1:--1} == idx )); then
+      printf '%s\n' "${symbol}${line:${#symbol}}"
+      shift
+    else
+      printf '%s\n' "$line"
+    fi
+    (( ++idx ))
+  done
+}
+
+batslib_decorate() {
+  echo
+  echo "-- $1 --"
+  cat -
+  echo '--'
+  echo
+}
+
+############################################################
+
+assert() {
+  if ! "$@"; then
+    batslib_print_kv_single 10 'expression' "$*" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'assertion failed' \
+    | fail
+  fi
+}
+
+assert_equal() {
+  if [[ $1 != "$2" ]]; then
+    batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 8 \
+    'expected' "$2" \
+    'actual'   "$1" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'values do not equal' \
+    | fail
+  fi
+}
+
+assert_failure() {
+  : "${output?}"
+  : "${status?}"
+
+  (( $# > 0 )) && local -r expected="$1"
+  if (( status == 0 )); then
+    batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 6 'output' "$output" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'command succeeded, but it was expected to fail' \
+    | fail
+  elif (( $# > 0 )) && (( status != expected )); then
+    { local -ir width=8
+      batslib_print_kv_single "$width" \
+      'expected' "$expected" \
+      'actual'   "$status"
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi "$width" \
+      'output' "$output"
+    } \
+    | batslib_decorate 'command failed as expected, but status differs' \
+    | fail
+  fi
+}
+
+assert_line() {
+  local -i is_match_line=0
+  local -i is_mode_partial=0
+  local -i is_mode_regexp=0
+  : "${lines?}"
+
+  # Handle options.
+  while (( $# > 0 )); do
+    case "$1" in
+    -n|--index)
+      if (( $# < 2 )) || ! [[ $2 =~ ^([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)$ ]]; then
+        echo "\`--index' requires an integer argument: \`$2'" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: assert_line' \
+        | fail
+        return $?
+      fi
+      is_match_line=1
+      local -ri idx="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -p|--partial) is_mode_partial=1; shift ;;
+    -e|--regexp) is_mode_regexp=1; shift ;;
+    --) shift; break ;;
+    *) break ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  if (( is_mode_partial )) && (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+    echo "\`--partial' and \`--regexp' are mutually exclusive" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: assert_line' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Arguments.
+  local -r expected="$1"
+
+  if (( is_mode_regexp == 1 )) && [[ '' =~ $expected ]] || (( $? == 2 )); then
+    echo "Invalid extended regular expression: \`$expected'" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: assert_line' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Matching.
+  if (( is_match_line )); then
+    # Specific line.
+    if (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+      if ! [[ ${lines[$idx]} =~ $expected ]]; then
+        batslib_print_kv_single 6 \
+        'index' "$idx" \
+        'regexp' "$expected" \
+        'line'  "${lines[$idx]}" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'regular expression does not match line' \
+        | fail
+      fi
+    elif (( is_mode_partial )); then
+      if [[ ${lines[$idx]} != *"$expected"* ]]; then
+        batslib_print_kv_single 9 \
+        'index'     "$idx" \
+        'substring' "$expected" \
+        'line'      "${lines[$idx]}" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'line does not contain substring' \
+        | fail
+      fi
+    else
+      if [[ ${lines[$idx]} != "$expected" ]]; then
+        batslib_print_kv_single 8 \
+        'index'    "$idx" \
+        'expected' "$expected" \
+        'actual'   "${lines[$idx]}" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'line differs' \
+        | fail
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    # Contained in output.
+    if (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+      local -i idx
+      for (( idx = 0; idx < ${#lines[@]}; ++idx )); do
+        [[ ${lines[$idx]} =~ $expected ]] && return 0
+      done
+      { local -ar single=( 'regexp' "$expected" )
+        local -ar may_be_multi=( 'output' "$output" )
+        local -ir width="$( batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width "${single[@]}" "${may_be_multi[@]}" )"
+        batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${single[@]}"
+        batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi "$width" "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+      } \
+      | batslib_decorate 'no output line matches regular expression' \
+      | fail
+    elif (( is_mode_partial )); then
+      local -i idx
+      for (( idx = 0; idx < ${#lines[@]}; ++idx )); do
+        [[ ${lines[$idx]} == *"$expected"* ]] && return 0
+      done
+      { local -ar single=( 'substring' "$expected" )
+        local -ar may_be_multi=( 'output' "$output" )
+        local -ir width="$( batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width "${single[@]}" "${may_be_multi[@]}" )"
+        batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${single[@]}"
+        batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi "$width" "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+      } \
+      | batslib_decorate 'no output line contains substring' \
+      | fail
+    else
+      local -i idx
+      for (( idx = 0; idx < ${#lines[@]}; ++idx )); do
+        [[ ${lines[$idx]} == "$expected" ]] && return 0
+      done
+      { local -ar single=( 'line' "$expected" )
+        local -ar may_be_multi=( 'output' "$output" )
+        local -ir width="$( batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width "${single[@]}" "${may_be_multi[@]}" )"
+        batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${single[@]}"
+        batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi "$width" "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+      } \
+      | batslib_decorate 'output does not contain line' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+assert_output() {
+  local -i is_mode_partial=0
+  local -i is_mode_regexp=0
+  local -i is_mode_nonempty=0
+  local -i use_stdin=0
+  : "${output?}"
+
+  # Handle options.
+  if (( $# == 0 )); then
+    is_mode_nonempty=1
+  fi
+
+  while (( $# > 0 )); do
+    case "$1" in
+    -p|--partial) is_mode_partial=1; shift ;;
+    -e|--regexp) is_mode_regexp=1; shift ;;
+    -|--stdin) use_stdin=1; shift ;;
+    --) shift; break ;;
+    *) break ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  if (( is_mode_partial )) && (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+    echo "\`--partial' and \`--regexp' are mutually exclusive" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: assert_output' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Arguments.
+  local expected
+  if (( use_stdin )); then
+    expected="$(cat -)"
+  else
+    expected="${1-}"
+  fi
+
+  # Matching.
+  if (( is_mode_nonempty )); then
+    if [ -z "$output" ]; then
+      echo 'expected non-empty output, but output was empty' \
+      | batslib_decorate 'no output' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  elif (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+    if [[ '' =~ $expected ]] || (( $? == 2 )); then
+      echo "Invalid extended regular expression: \`$expected'" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: assert_output' \
+      | fail
+    elif ! [[ $output =~ $expected ]]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 6 \
+      'regexp'  "$expected" \
+      'output' "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'regular expression does not match output' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  elif (( is_mode_partial )); then
+    if [[ $output != *"$expected"* ]]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 9 \
+      'substring' "$expected" \
+      'output'    "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'output does not contain substring' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  else
+    if [[ $output != "$expected" ]]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 8 \
+      'expected' "$expected" \
+      'actual'   "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'output differs' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+assert_success() {
+  : "${output?}"
+  : "${status?}"
+
+  if (( status != 0 )); then
+    { local -ir width=6
+      batslib_print_kv_single "$width" 'status' "$status"
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi "$width" 'output' "$output"
+    } \
+    | batslib_decorate 'command failed' \
+    | fail
+  fi
+}
+
+refute() {
+  if "$@"; then
+    batslib_print_kv_single 10 'expression' "$*" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'assertion succeeded, but it was expected to fail' \
+    | fail
+  fi
+}
+
+refute_line() {
+  local -i is_match_line=0
+  local -i is_mode_partial=0
+  local -i is_mode_regexp=0
+  : "${lines?}"
+
+  # Handle options.
+  while (( $# > 0 )); do
+    case "$1" in
+    -n|--index)
+      if (( $# < 2 )) || ! [[ $2 =~ ^([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]+)$ ]]; then
+        echo "\`--index' requires an integer argument: \`$2'" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: refute_line' \
+        | fail
+        return $?
+      fi
+      is_match_line=1
+      local -ri idx="$2"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -p|--partial) is_mode_partial=1; shift ;;
+    -e|--regexp) is_mode_regexp=1; shift ;;
+    --) shift; break ;;
+    *) break ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  if (( is_mode_partial )) && (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+    echo "\`--partial' and \`--regexp' are mutually exclusive" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: refute_line' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Arguments.
+  local -r unexpected="$1"
+
+  if (( is_mode_regexp == 1 )) && [[ '' =~ $unexpected ]] || (( $? == 2 )); then
+    echo "Invalid extended regular expression: \`$unexpected'" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: refute_line' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Matching.
+  if (( is_match_line )); then
+    # Specific line.
+    if (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+      if [[ ${lines[$idx]} =~ $unexpected ]]; then
+        batslib_print_kv_single 6 \
+        'index' "$idx" \
+        'regexp' "$unexpected" \
+        'line'  "${lines[$idx]}" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'regular expression should not match line' \
+        | fail
+      fi
+    elif (( is_mode_partial )); then
+      if [[ ${lines[$idx]} == *"$unexpected"* ]]; then
+        batslib_print_kv_single 9 \
+        'index'     "$idx" \
+        'substring' "$unexpected" \
+        'line'      "${lines[$idx]}" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'line should not contain substring' \
+        | fail
+      fi
+    else
+      if [[ ${lines[$idx]} == "$unexpected" ]]; then
+        batslib_print_kv_single 5 \
+        'index' "$idx" \
+        'line'  "${lines[$idx]}" \
+        | batslib_decorate 'line should differ' \
+        | fail
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    # Line contained in output.
+    if (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+      local -i idx
+      for (( idx = 0; idx < ${#lines[@]}; ++idx )); do
+        if [[ ${lines[$idx]} =~ $unexpected ]]; then
+          { local -ar single=( 'regexp' "$unexpected" 'index' "$idx" )
+            local -a may_be_multi=( 'output' "$output" )
+            local -ir width="$( batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width "${single[@]}" "${may_be_multi[@]}" )"
+            batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${single[@]}"
+            if batslib_is_single_line "${may_be_multi[1]}"; then
+              batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+            else
+              may_be_multi[1]="$( printf '%s' "${may_be_multi[1]}" | batslib_prefix | batslib_mark '>' "$idx" )"
+              batslib_print_kv_multi "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+            fi
+          } \
+          | batslib_decorate 'no line should match the regular expression' \
+          | fail
+          return $?
+        fi
+      done
+    elif (( is_mode_partial )); then
+      local -i idx
+      for (( idx = 0; idx < ${#lines[@]}; ++idx )); do
+        if [[ ${lines[$idx]} == *"$unexpected"* ]]; then
+          { local -ar single=( 'substring' "$unexpected" 'index' "$idx" )
+            local -a may_be_multi=( 'output' "$output" )
+            local -ir width="$( batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width "${single[@]}" "${may_be_multi[@]}" )"
+            batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${single[@]}"
+            if batslib_is_single_line "${may_be_multi[1]}"; then
+              batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+            else
+              may_be_multi[1]="$( printf '%s' "${may_be_multi[1]}" | batslib_prefix | batslib_mark '>' "$idx" )"
+              batslib_print_kv_multi "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+            fi
+          } \
+          | batslib_decorate 'no line should contain substring' \
+          | fail
+          return $?
+        fi
+      done
+    else
+      local -i idx
+      for (( idx = 0; idx < ${#lines[@]}; ++idx )); do
+        if [[ ${lines[$idx]} == "$unexpected" ]]; then
+          { local -ar single=( 'line' "$unexpected" 'index' "$idx" )
+            local -a may_be_multi=( 'output' "$output" )
+            local -ir width="$( batslib_get_max_single_line_key_width "${single[@]}" "${may_be_multi[@]}" )"
+            batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${single[@]}"
+            if batslib_is_single_line "${may_be_multi[1]}"; then
+              batslib_print_kv_single "$width" "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+            else
+              may_be_multi[1]="$( printf '%s' "${may_be_multi[1]}" | batslib_prefix | batslib_mark '>' "$idx" )"
+              batslib_print_kv_multi "${may_be_multi[@]}"
+            fi
+          } \
+          | batslib_decorate 'line should not be in output' \
+          | fail
+          return $?
+        fi
+      done
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+refute_output() {
+  local -i is_mode_partial=0
+  local -i is_mode_regexp=0
+  local -i is_mode_empty=0
+  local -i use_stdin=0
+  : "${output?}"
+
+  # Handle options.
+  if (( $# == 0 )); then
+    is_mode_empty=1
+  fi
+
+  while (( $# > 0 )); do
+    case "$1" in
+    -p|--partial) is_mode_partial=1; shift ;;
+    -e|--regexp) is_mode_regexp=1; shift ;;
+    -|--stdin) use_stdin=1; shift ;;
+    --) shift; break ;;
+    *) break ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  if (( is_mode_partial )) && (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+    echo "\`--partial' and \`--regexp' are mutually exclusive" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: refute_output' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Arguments.
+  local unexpected
+  if (( use_stdin )); then
+    unexpected="$(cat -)"
+  else
+    unexpected="${1-}"
+  fi
+
+  if (( is_mode_regexp == 1 )) && [[ '' =~ $unexpected ]] || (( $? == 2 )); then
+    echo "Invalid extended regular expression: \`$unexpected'" \
+    | batslib_decorate 'ERROR: refute_output' \
+    | fail
+    return $?
+  fi
+
+  # Matching.
+  if (( is_mode_empty )); then
+    if [ -n "$output" ]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 6 \
+      'output' "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'output non-empty, but expected no output' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  elif (( is_mode_regexp )); then
+    if [[ $output =~ $unexpected ]]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 6 \
+      'regexp'  "$unexpected" \
+      'output' "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'regular expression should not match output' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  elif (( is_mode_partial )); then
+    if [[ $output == *"$unexpected"* ]]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 9 \
+      'substring' "$unexpected" \
+      'output'    "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'output should not contain substring' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  else
+    if [[ $output == "$unexpected" ]]; then
+      batslib_print_kv_single_or_multi 6 \
+      'output' "$output" \
+      | batslib_decorate 'output equals, but it was expected to differ' \
+      | fail
+    fi
+  fi
+}
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33cdcc4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bats
+load bats-extra
+
+join() {
+    local IFS=$'\n'
+    echo "$*"
+}
+
+@test "empty matrix" {
+    #[[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=( "" )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=( "" )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "live cells with zero live neighbors die" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 1, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "live cells with only one live neighbor die" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 1, 0"
+        "0, 1, 0"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "live cells with two live neighbors stay alive" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "1, 0, 1"
+        "1, 0, 1"
+        "1, 0, 1"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 0, 1"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "live cells with three live neighbors stay alive" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "0, 1, 0"
+        "1, 0, 0"
+        "1, 1, 0"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 0, 0"
+        "1, 1, 0"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "dead cells with three live neighbors become alive" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "1, 1, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 0, 0"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 1, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "live cells with four or more neighbors die" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "1, 1, 1"
+        "1, 1, 1"
+        "1, 1, 1"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "1, 0, 1"
+        "0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 0, 1"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
+
+@test "bigger matrix" {
+    [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
+    input=(
+        "1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0"
+        "1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1"
+        "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0"
+        "1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0"
+        "1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1"
+        "0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1"
+        "1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1"
+    )
+    run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
+    assert_success
+    expected=(
+        "1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0"
+        "1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1"
+        "1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1"
+        "1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1"
+        "1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1"
+        "1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0"
+        "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1"
+    )
+    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+}
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.sh b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..960869f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# The following comments should help you get started:
+# - Bash is flexible. You may use functions or write a "raw" script.
+#
+# - Complex code can be made easier to read by breaking it up
+#   into functions, however this is sometimes overkill in bash.
+#
+# - You can find links about good style and other resources
+#   for Bash in './README.md'. It came with this exercise.
+#
+#   Example:
+#   # other functions here
+#   # ...
+#   # ...
+#
+#   main () {
+#     # your main function code here
+#   }
+#
+#   # call main with all of the positional arguments
+#   main "$@"
+#
+# *** PLEASE REMOVE THESE COMMENTS BEFORE SUBMITTING YOUR SOLUTION ***

From 6ef303a1ba67feaa5f5b56a74378d19d4a66ce31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: resu-xuniL <linux@lavache.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 12:50:10 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Update `example.sh` and `game_of_life.bats`

* Co-authored-by: IsaacG
* Co-authored-by: glennj
---
 .../practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh    |  24 ++-
 .../practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats   | 155 +++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 87 deletions(-)

diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
index dd19d62f..79a5eac5 100644
--- a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ create_matrix() {
     local -i col row=0
 
     while read -r line; do
-        for ((col = 0; col < ${#line}; col++)); do
+        for (( col = 0; col < ${#line}; col++ )); do
             matrix[${col},${row}]=${line:col:1}
         done
 
@@ -22,13 +22,11 @@ tick() {
     local -A next_matrix
     local -i row col countLiveCell
 
-    for ((row = 0; row < height; row++)); do
-        for ((col = 0; col < width; col++)); do
+    for (( row = 0; row < height; row++ )); do
+        for (( col = 0; col < width; col++ )); do
             countLiveCell=$(check_neighborhood $col $row)
 
-            if (( ${matrix[${col},${row}]} == 1 && (countLiveCell == 2 || countLiveCell == 3) )); then
-                next_matrix[${col},${row}]=1
-            elif (( ${matrix[${col},${row}]} == 0 && countLiveCell == 3 )); then
+            if (( countLiveCell == 3 || (matrix[${col},${row}] == 1 && countLiveCell == 2) )); then
                 next_matrix[${col},${row}]=1
             else
                 next_matrix[${col},${row}]=0
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ tick() {
 check_neighborhood() {
     local cell_col=$1 cell_row=$2
     local -i neighb_row neighb_col
-    local count=0
+    local -i count=0
 
     for check_row in -1 0 1; do
         neighb_row=$(( check_row + cell_row ))
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ check_neighborhood() {
         done
     done
 
-    echo $count
+    echo "$count"
 }
 
 print_next_matrix() {
@@ -64,12 +62,12 @@ print_next_matrix() {
     local -i row col
     local output
 
-    for ((row = 0; row < height; row++)); do
-            output=""
-        for ((col = 0; col < width; col++)); do
-            output+="${array[${col},${row}]}, "
+    for (( row = 0; row < height; row++ )); do
+        output=""
+        for (( col = 0; col < width; col++ )); do
+            output+="${array[${col},${row}]}"
         done
-       echo "${output%, }"
+       echo "$output"
     done
 }
 
diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats
index 33cdcc4a..a59d0f3b 100644
--- a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/game_of_life.bats
@@ -9,137 +9,144 @@ join() {
 @test "empty matrix" {
     #[[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=( "" )
+    expected=( "" )
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=( "" )
     assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
 }
 
 @test "live cells with zero live neighbors die" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 1, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
+        "000"
+        "010"
+        "000"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "000"
+        "000"
+        "000"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }
 
 @test "live cells with only one live neighbor die" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 1, 0"
-        "0, 1, 0"
+        "000"
+        "010"
+        "010"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "000"
+        "000"
+        "000"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }
 
 @test "live cells with two live neighbors stay alive" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "1, 0, 1"
-        "1, 0, 1"
-        "1, 0, 1"
+        "101"
+        "101"
+        "101"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "000"
+        "101"
+        "000"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 0, 1"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }
 
 @test "live cells with three live neighbors stay alive" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "0, 1, 0"
-        "1, 0, 0"
-        "1, 1, 0"
+        "010"
+        "100"
+        "110"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "000"
+        "100"
+        "110"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 0, 0"
-        "1, 1, 0"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }
 
 @test "dead cells with three live neighbors become alive" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "1, 1, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 0, 0"
+        "110"
+        "000"
+        "100"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "000"
+        "110"
+        "000"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 1, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }
 
 @test "live cells with four or more neighbors die" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "1, 1, 1"
-        "1, 1, 1"
-        "1, 1, 1"
+        "111"
+        "111"
+        "111"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "101"
+        "000"
+        "101"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "1, 0, 1"
-        "0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 0, 1"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }
 
 @test "bigger matrix" {
     [[ $BATS_RUN_SKIPPED == "true" ]] || skip
     input=(
-        "1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0"
-        "1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1"
-        "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0"
-        "1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0"
-        "1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1"
-        "0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1"
-        "1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1"
+        "11011000"
+        "10110000"
+        "11100111"
+        "00000110"
+        "10001100"
+        "11000111"
+        "00101001"
+        "10000011"
+    )
+    expected_rows=(
+        "11011000"
+        "00000110"
+        "10111101"
+        "10000001"
+        "11001001"
+        "11010001"
+        "10000000"
+        "00000011"
     )
+    expected_string="$(join "${expected_rows[@]}")"
     run bash game_of_life.sh "${input[@]}"
     assert_success
-    expected=(
-        "1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0"
-        "1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1"
-        "1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1"
-        "1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1"
-        "1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1"
-        "1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0"
-        "0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1"
-    )
-    assert_output "$(join "${expected[@]}")"
+    assert_output "$expected_string"
 }

From 16723246523ec710de9a0d9e3c307d4974f5f1d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: resu-xuniL <linux@lavache.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 08:43:38 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Changed difficulty rank

---
 config.json | 16 ++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config.json b/config.json
index 47267e04..80cfd394 100644
--- a/config.json
+++ b/config.json
@@ -667,14 +667,6 @@
           "math"
         ]
       },
-      {
-        "slug": "game-of-life",
-        "name": "Conway's Game of Life",
-        "uuid": "8a0f7cae-d5f5-4cda-9fc1-5b7ff3774be7",
-        "practices": [],
-        "prerequisites": [],
-        "difficulty": 4
-      },
       {
         "slug": "diamond",
         "name": "Diamond",
@@ -980,6 +972,14 @@
           "variables"
         ]
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "game-of-life",
+        "name": "Conway's Game of Life",
+        "uuid": "8a0f7cae-d5f5-4cda-9fc1-5b7ff3774be7",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 6
+      },
       {
         "slug": "meetup",
         "name": "Meetup",

From c4fa6bfe14a2c6a6df30fdd8c9c45f22b9f64e75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: resu-xuniL <linux@lavache.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2026 08:45:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Update `example.sh`

* Co-authored-by: IsaacG
---
 exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
index 79a5eac5..cdf73308 100644
--- a/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
+++ b/exercises/practice/game-of-life/.meta/example.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ create_matrix() {
 
         height=${#line}
         (( row++ ))
-    done < <(printf "%s\n" "${@//, /}")
+    done < <(printf "%s\n" "${@}")
 
     width=$row
 }
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ tick() {
 
     for (( row = 0; row < height; row++ )); do
         for (( col = 0; col < width; col++ )); do
-            countLiveCell=$(check_neighborhood $col $row)
+            countLiveCell=$(check_neighborhood "$col" "$row")
 
-            if (( countLiveCell == 3 || (matrix[${col},${row}] == 1 && countLiveCell == 2) )); then
+            if (( countLiveCell == 3 || matrix[${col},${row}] == 1 && countLiveCell == 2 )); then
                 next_matrix[${col},${row}]=1
             else
                 next_matrix[${col},${row}]=0