callstack
diff --git a/‎CONTEXT.md‎
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diff --git a/‎docs/adr/0004-ios-snapshot-backend-strategy.md‎
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diff --git a/‎fallow-baselines/health.json‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/contracts/package.json‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/contracts/src/android-snapshot-quality.ts‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/contracts/src/facades/platform.ts‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/contracts/src/snapshot-timeout-evidence.test.ts‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/contracts/src/snapshot-timeout-evidence.ts‎
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diff --git a/‎scripts/__tests__/test-file-size-ratchet.test.ts‎
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@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ alone.
 **Presentation options**:
 The policy input controlling how one snapshot acquisition becomes a public projection.
 
-**Snapshot presentation facet**:
-The host-side owner of the neutral acquisition-to-presentation contract and TypeScript policies.
+**Snapshot policy facet**:
+The host-side owner of neutral snapshot policy: presentation, freshness, timeout and overlay.
 Platform acquisition supplies raw facts and a fold policy; runner-side Swift presentation remains
 separate across the process boundary.
 
 
@@ -78,10 +78,61 @@ capture-plan tier before the process boundary. The contract fixture under
 `contracts/fixtures/snapshot-presentation-conformance.json` is the shared proof between those
 runtimes; it does not imply that Swift and TypeScript share an implementation.
 
-This is the first ownership slice of the Wave 4 debt tracked by #1983. Freshness recovery,
-timeout evidence, and screenshot-overlay policy retain their existing daemon adapters until their
-neutral host seams are extracted; new consumers must use the facet rather than add another daemon
-presentation path.
+The same split now holds for the three remaining Wave 4 policies tracked by #1983, so
+`src/snapshot/` is the host-side owner of snapshot policy generally rather than of presentation
+alone:
+
+- **Freshness recovery.** The freshness window, the Android staleness classification and its
+  thresholds, and the retry loop live in `src/snapshot/snapshot-freshness/`. The loop is
+  parameterized by a classifier and a retry schedule, so "how long may a backend lag behind a real
+  transition" is a policy input rather than a constant the loop owns. The schedule is stated as a
+  duration budget; the loop derives the deadline from the window's `markedAt` itself, so the
+  budget is always spent from the action and a caller has no absolute instant it could get wrong.
+  `src/daemon/session-snapshot-freshness.ts` keeps only what needs a session: reading and retiring
+  the window on store-owned `SessionState`, and choosing the comparison baseline from snapshot
+  lineage. It remains the declared R7 owner of `androidSnapshotFreshness`.
+- **Timeout evidence.** Whether a capture failed because the hierarchy never arrived is decided
+  once, at the deepest boundary that has the evidence, from machine-defined values only:
+  `snapshot-capture-failure-reason.ts` maps the helper's structured `errorType` field
+  (`java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException`, by exact equality) and the SIGKILL exit code 137 to
+  the typed reason `accessibility-timeout` (`ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASONS` in
+  `@agent-device/contracts/android-snapshot-quality`). The helper-result, session-protocol, and
+  killed-instrumentation error constructors attach it; every layer above rewraps it rather than
+  reclassifying. No message shape is consulted anywhere on that path, so rewording helper or
+  wrapper prose cannot move the reason, and prose that merely reads like a timeout does not become
+  one — both directions are asserted end to end against the real producer.
+  `src/snapshot/snapshot-timeout-policy.ts` reads the reason; the human-facing hint is derived
+  from it rather than decided alongside it.
+
+  The published `details.androidSnapshotTimeoutScreenshot` payload is vocabulary in
+  `@agent-device/contracts/snapshot-timeout-evidence`, a union whose arms encode which claims can
+  coexist. The annotated arm carries a non-empty ref tuple, so "annotated with zero refs" is not a
+  state a caller can build, and no arm stores a ref count: a count beside the refs is a second
+  source of truth the type system cannot hold in step, so it is derived from the refs instead.
+  The daemon keeps the ordering that genuinely needs it: resolving a bound screenshot runtime,
+  writing the artifact, annotating it from the stored observation, and emitting the diagnostics.
+- **Screenshot-overlay policy.** Which Android nodes earn an overlay ref, and what rectangle an
+  overlay for one of them covers, live in `src/snapshot/screenshot-overlay/`. The daemon keeps
+  approved artifact and ref assembly only: ranking, projection to screenshot pixels, drawing, and
+  PNG IO.
+
+`scripts/layering/snapshot-presentation-boundary.test.ts` enforces the direction for the whole
+facet: nothing under `src/snapshot/` may import `src/daemon/`. It carries a positive control,
+because a filter that stopped matching would look identical to a boundary being obeyed.
+
+The residual call sites #1983 also named are audited and deliberately left in place.
+`src/daemon/direct-ios-selector.ts` carries no presentation policy: `isLocalIosRunnerSession` and
+`readSimpleIosSelectorTarget` are session routing (device family, provider ownership, the
+stabilization window), while `deriveDirectIosNodeSelector` and `isDirectIosSelectorFallbackError`
+are selector derivation and ADR 0011 delegation-on-error. The latter two are pure and
+daemon-independent, but their owner would be the selector pipeline governed by R19, not this
+facet; moving them under ADR 0004 would widen it to a boundary it does not decide. The
+observation and interaction consumers — `selector-capture-runtime.ts`,
+`deferred-interaction-outcome.ts`, `snapshot-capture.ts` and
+`interaction-touch-android-freshness.ts` — now reach freshness only through the facet or its
+session binding.
+
+New consumers must use the facet rather than add another daemon presentation path.
 
 ## Regression Notes
 
 
@@ -112,11 +112,6 @@
         "count": 1
       }
     },
-    "src/daemon/android-snapshot-freshness.ts": {
-      "crap_moderate": {
-        "count": 1
-      }
-    },
     "src/daemon/client/daemon-client-lifecycle.ts": {
       "complexity_high": {
         "count": 1
@@ -575,7 +570,6 @@
     "src/daemon/handlers/session.ts:complexity",
     "src/replay/script-utils.ts:high impact",
     "packages/selectors/src/internal/predicates.ts:high impact",
-    "src/daemon/android-snapshot-freshness.ts:high impact",
     "src/platforms/boot-diagnostics.ts:complexity",
     "src/compat/maestro/support.ts:high impact",
     "src/daemon/session-routing.ts:high impact",
 
@@ -307,6 +307,10 @@
       "types": "./src/snapshot-runtime.ts",
       "default": "./src/snapshot-runtime.ts"
     },
+    "./snapshot-timeout-evidence": {
+      "types": "./src/snapshot-timeout-evidence.ts",
+      "default": "./src/snapshot-timeout-evidence.ts"
+    },
     "./startup-recovery-fence": {
       "types": "./src/startup-recovery-fence.ts",
       "default": "./src/startup-recovery-fence.ts"
 
@@ -33,3 +33,36 @@ export function isUnreadableCaptureContentError(error: unknown): boolean {
   const reason = details?.androidSnapshotHelperFailureReason;
   return isAndroidContentRecoveryReason(reason);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Why an Android capture failed at the mechanism level, as a typed reason rather than a message
+ * shape. `accessibility-timeout` means the hierarchy never arrived — the helper reported a
+ * structured timeout, or its instrumentation was killed before it could answer.
+ *
+ * The producer decides this once, at the platform boundary, and publishes the decision. Readers
+ * consume the reason instead of re-deriving it from hint text: the hint is human-facing prose
+ * that may be reworded, and two readers sniffing it will drift apart (#1983).
+ */
+export const ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASONS = ['accessibility-timeout'] as const;
+
+export type AndroidCaptureFailureReason = (typeof ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASONS)[number];
+
+const ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASON_SET: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(
+  ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASONS,
+);
+
+export function isAndroidCaptureFailureReason(
+  value: unknown,
+): value is AndroidCaptureFailureReason {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASON_SET.has(value);
+}
+
+/** The typed reason a thrown Android capture failure carries, when its producer named one. */
+export function readAndroidCaptureFailureReason(
+  error: unknown,
+): AndroidCaptureFailureReason | undefined {
+  if (!error || typeof error !== 'object') return undefined;
+  const details = (error as { details?: Record<string, unknown> }).details;
+  const reason = details?.androidCaptureFailureReason;
+  return isAndroidCaptureFailureReason(reason) ? reason : undefined;
+}
@@ -14,11 +14,17 @@ export type {
   AndroidInputOwnershipSource,
 } from '../android-input-ownership.ts';
 export {
+  ANDROID_CAPTURE_FAILURE_REASONS,
   ANDROID_CONTENT_RECOVERY_REASONS,
   isAndroidContentRecoveryReason,
   isUnreadableCaptureContentError,
+  isAndroidCaptureFailureReason,
+  readAndroidCaptureFailureReason,
+} from '../android-snapshot-quality.ts';
+export type {
+  AndroidCaptureFailureReason,
+  AndroidContentRecoveryReason,
 } from '../android-snapshot-quality.ts';
-export type { AndroidContentRecoveryReason } from '../android-snapshot-quality.ts';
 export {
   ANDROID_SYSTEM_CHROME_PACKAGE,
   hasAndroidSystemChromeProvenance,
 
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { test } from 'vitest';
+import type { ScreenshotOverlayRef } from '@agent-device/kernel/snapshot';
+import {
+  snapshotTimeoutCaptureFailed,
+  snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayCounts,
+  snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayFailed,
+  snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithOverlayRefs,
+  snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithoutOverlaySource,
+  type SnapshotTimeoutEvidence,
+} from './snapshot-timeout-evidence.ts';
+
+function overlayRef(ref: string): ScreenshotOverlayRef {
+  return {
+    ref,
+    label: ref,
+    rect: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 },
+    overlayRect: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10 },
+    center: { x: 5, y: 5 },
+  };
+}
+
+test('a failed capture publishes no path and no overlay claim', () => {
+  const evidence = snapshotTimeoutCaptureFailed('adb screencap exited 1');
+  assert.deepEqual(evidence, { captureFailed: true, error: 'adb screencap exited 1' });
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayCounts(evidence), {
+    overlayRefCount: undefined,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: undefined,
+  });
+});
+
+test('a capture with no stored observation still discloses that refs were requested', () => {
+  const evidence = snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithoutOverlaySource('/tmp/shot.png');
+  assert.deepEqual(evidence, {
+    path: '/tmp/shot.png',
+    overlayRefsRequested: true,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: false,
+    overlayRefSource: 'unavailable',
+  });
+});
+
+test('the union cannot express an annotated capture with no refs', () => {
+  // The annotated arm carries a non-empty tuple, so this literal is not assignable.
+  // `@ts-expect-error` fails the build if it ever becomes valid again.
+  // @ts-expect-error annotated:true requires at least one overlay ref
+  const contradiction: SnapshotTimeoutEvidence = {
+    path: '/tmp/shot.png',
+    overlayRefsRequested: true,
+    overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot',
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: true,
+    overlayRefs: [],
+  };
+  assert.ok(contradiction);
+});
+
+test('the union has no stored count that could disagree with the refs', () => {
+  // The count is derived, so there is no field to set — a mismatched one is not merely wrong,
+  // it is unwritable. This guards against reintroducing the second source of truth.
+  const withStoredCount: SnapshotTimeoutEvidence = {
+    path: '/tmp/shot.png',
+    overlayRefsRequested: true,
+    overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot',
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: true,
+    overlayRefs: [overlayRef('e1')],
+    // @ts-expect-error overlayRefCount is derived, not stored
+    overlayRefCount: 0,
+  };
+  assert.ok(withStoredCount);
+});
+
+test('an empty ref list is a capture that was not annotated, not an annotated one', () => {
+  const none = snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithOverlayRefs('/tmp/shot.png', []);
+  const some = snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithOverlayRefs('/tmp/shot.png', [overlayRef('e1')]);
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayCounts(none), {
+    overlayRefCount: 0,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: false,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayCounts(some), {
+    overlayRefCount: 1,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: true,
+  });
+});
+
+test('a failed annotation keeps the screenshot and names why the refs are missing', () => {
+  const evidence = snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayFailed('/tmp/shot.png', 'png decode failed');
+  assert.deepEqual(evidence, {
+    path: '/tmp/shot.png',
+    overlayRefsRequested: true,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: false,
+    overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot',
+    overlayAnnotationError: 'png decode failed',
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import type { ScreenshotOverlayRef } from '@agent-device/kernel/snapshot';
+
+/**
+ * The typed `details.androidSnapshotTimeoutScreenshot` payload published when an accessibility
+ * snapshot times out and the daemon falls back to a screenshot (#1983).
+ *
+ * The shape is a discriminated union rather than a bag of optional fields because each arm is a
+ * different claim about what evidence exists: no capture at all, a capture with no snapshot to
+ * annotate from, a capture annotated with overlay refs, or a capture whose annotation failed.
+ * Callers construct it through the builders below so an assembly site cannot publish a fifth,
+ * undeclared arm.
+ */
+type CapturedSnapshotTimeoutEvidenceBase = {
+  path: string;
+  overlayRefsRequested: true;
+};
+
+/** At least one ref. Annotation is a claim that something was drawn, so it cannot be empty. */
+export type NonEmptyScreenshotOverlayRefs = readonly [
+  ScreenshotOverlayRef,
+  ...ScreenshotOverlayRef[],
+];
+
+/**
+ * No arm stores a ref count. A count beside the refs is a second source of truth that the type
+ * system cannot keep in step — `{annotated: true, count: 0, refs: [ref]}` would stay assignable —
+ * so the count is derived from `overlayRefs` by `snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayCounts` instead.
+ * The arms that carry no refs have nothing to count, which `overlayRefsAnnotated: false` already
+ * states.
+ */
+export type SnapshotTimeoutEvidence =
+  | {
+      captureFailed: true;
+      error: string;
+    }
+  | (CapturedSnapshotTimeoutEvidenceBase & {
+      overlayRefSource: 'unavailable';
+      overlayRefsAnnotated: false;
+    })
+  | (CapturedSnapshotTimeoutEvidenceBase & {
+      overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot';
+      overlayRefsAnnotated: true;
+      overlayRefs: NonEmptyScreenshotOverlayRefs;
+    })
+  | (CapturedSnapshotTimeoutEvidenceBase & {
+      overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot';
+      overlayRefsAnnotated: false;
+      overlayRefs: readonly [];
+    })
+  | (CapturedSnapshotTimeoutEvidenceBase & {
+      overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot';
+      overlayRefsAnnotated: false;
+      overlayAnnotationError: string;
+    });
+
+/** No screenshot was taken: the evidence path itself failed. */
+export function snapshotTimeoutCaptureFailed(error: string): SnapshotTimeoutEvidence {
+  return { captureFailed: true, error };
+}
+
+/** A screenshot exists, but no stored observation was available to derive overlay refs from. */
+export function snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithoutOverlaySource(path: string): SnapshotTimeoutEvidence {
+  return {
+    path,
+    overlayRefsRequested: true,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: false,
+    overlayRefSource: 'unavailable',
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A screenshot annotated from the stored observation. An empty ref list is not an annotation, and
+ * the union says so: the annotated arm carries a non-empty tuple, so `annotated: true` with zero
+ * refs is not a state a caller can build or a reader has to defend against.
+ */
+export function snapshotTimeoutEvidenceWithOverlayRefs(
+  path: string,
+  overlayRefs: readonly ScreenshotOverlayRef[],
+): SnapshotTimeoutEvidence {
+  const base = { path, overlayRefsRequested: true, overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot' } as const;
+  return isNonEmptyOverlayRefs(overlayRefs)
+    ? { ...base, overlayRefsAnnotated: true, overlayRefs }
+    : { ...base, overlayRefsAnnotated: false, overlayRefs: [] };
+}
+
+function isNonEmptyOverlayRefs(
+  refs: readonly ScreenshotOverlayRef[],
+): refs is NonEmptyScreenshotOverlayRefs {
+  return refs.length > 0;
+}
+
+/** A screenshot exists and a stored observation existed, but annotating it threw. */
+export function snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayFailed(
+  path: string,
+  overlayAnnotationError: string,
+): SnapshotTimeoutEvidence {
+  return {
+    path,
+    overlayRefsRequested: true,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: false,
+    overlayRefSource: 'session-snapshot',
+    overlayAnnotationError,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The overlay counts a diagnostic may report, derived from the refs the evidence actually holds.
+ * This is the only place a count exists, so it cannot disagree with the arm it came from.
+ */
+export function snapshotTimeoutEvidenceOverlayCounts(evidence: SnapshotTimeoutEvidence): {
+  overlayRefCount: number | undefined;
+  overlayRefsAnnotated: boolean | undefined;
+} {
+  if ('captureFailed' in evidence) {
+    return { overlayRefCount: undefined, overlayRefsAnnotated: undefined };
+  }
+  return {
+    overlayRefCount: 'overlayRefs' in evidence ? evidence.overlayRefs.length : 0,
+    overlayRefsAnnotated: evidence.overlayRefsAnnotated,
+  };
+}
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const PINNED_TEST_FILE_LINES: Readonly<Record<string, number>> = Object.freeze({
   'src/platforms/apple/core/__tests__/runner-session.test.ts': 2001,
   'src/utils/__tests__/daemon-client.test.ts': 1910,
   'src/utils/__tests__/output.test.ts': 1861,
-  'src/platforms/android/__tests__/snapshot.test.ts': 1495,
+  'src/platforms/android/__tests__/snapshot.test.ts': 1445,
   'src/platforms/apple/core/__tests__/runner-client.test.ts': 1615,
   'src/__tests__/client.test.ts': 1598,
   'test/integration/provider-scenarios/android-lifecycle.test.ts': 1559,