diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackedFileStruct.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackedFileStruct.java
index 3c350b89373d..5b6007d49375 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackedFileStruct.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackedFileStruct.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import org.apache.iceberg.avro.SupportsIndexProjection;
 import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
 import org.apache.iceberg.types.Type;
 import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
 import org.apache.iceberg.util.ArrayUtil;
@@ -162,6 +163,14 @@ private TrackedFileStruct(TrackedFileStruct toCopy, boolean withStats, Set<Integ
             : null;
   }
 
+  /** Sets the first row id on this {@link TrackedFileStruct} */
+  public void setFirstRowId(int firstRowId) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(
+        contentType == FileContent.DATA || contentType == FileContent.DATA_MANIFEST,
+        "Cannot set first row id on an equality delete or delete manifest entry");
+    ((TrackingStruct) tracking).setFirstRowId(firstRowId);
+  }
+
   @Override
   public Tracking tracking() {
     return tracking;
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackingStruct.java b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackingStruct.java
index 8ae4b7e4ce88..c4323e690373 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackingStruct.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/TrackingStruct.java
@@ -130,6 +130,14 @@ void inheritFrom(Tracking manifestTracking) {
     }
   }
 
+  void setFirstRowId(long newFirstRowId) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(
+        newFirstRowId >= 0, "Invalid first row ID: %s (must be >= 0)", newFirstRowId);
+    Preconditions.checkState(status != EntryStatus.ADDED, "Cannot set first row id on ADDED entry");
+    Preconditions.checkState(firstRowId == null, "First row ID is already set");
+    this.firstRowId = newFirstRowId;
+  }
+
   void setManifestLocation(String location) {
     this.manifestLocation = location;
   }
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackedFileStruct.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackedFileStruct.java
index 0b725a39fb6b..b0ae0b8636e6 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackedFileStruct.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackedFileStruct.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 package org.apache.iceberg;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@
 import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.EnumSource;
 
 class TestTrackedFileStruct {
   private static final int WRITER_FORMAT_VERSION_V4 = 4;
@@ -325,6 +328,48 @@ void testAllFileContentTypesSupported() {
     }
   }
 
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(
+      value = FileContent.class,
+      names = {"DATA", "DATA_MANIFEST"})
+  public void testSettingFirstRowId(FileContent content) {
+    TrackedFileStruct file =
+        new TrackedFileStruct(
+            existingTracking(),
+            content,
+            WRITER_FORMAT_VERSION_V4,
+            "s3://bucket/data/file",
+            FileFormat.PARQUET,
+            new PartitionData(Types.StructType.of()),
+            0L,
+            0L);
+
+    file.setFirstRowId(42);
+
+    assertThat(file.tracking().firstRowId()).isEqualTo(42L);
+  }
+
+  @ParameterizedTest
+  @EnumSource(
+      value = FileContent.class,
+      names = {"EQUALITY_DELETES", "DELETE_MANIFEST"})
+  public void testSettingFirstRowIdNotAllowedForSomeContentTypes(FileContent content) {
+    TrackedFileStruct file =
+        new TrackedFileStruct(
+            existingTracking(),
+            content,
+            WRITER_FORMAT_VERSION_V4,
+            "s3://bucket/data/file",
+            FileFormat.PARQUET,
+            new PartitionData(Types.StructType.of()),
+            0L,
+            0L);
+
+    assertThatThrownBy(() -> file.setFirstRowId(42))
+        .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
+        .hasMessage("Cannot set first row id on an equality delete or delete manifest entry");
+  }
+
   @Test
   void testJavaSerializationRoundTrip() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
     TrackedFileStruct file = createFullTrackedFile();
@@ -412,6 +457,13 @@ private static PartitionData newPartition(int idBucket, String category) {
     return partition;
   }
 
+  private static TrackingStruct existingTracking() {
+    TrackingStruct source = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.added(5L).build();
+    source.set(2, 10L);
+    source.set(3, 11L);
+    return (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.from(source, 20L).build();
+  }
+
   static TrackedFileStruct createTrackedFileWithStats() {
     Types.StructType statsStruct =
         Types.StructType.of(
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackingStruct.java b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackingStruct.java
index 0d1803022a23..af6e5cf843e5 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackingStruct.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/TestTrackingStruct.java
@@ -211,6 +211,63 @@ void testInheritFromNullIsNoOp() {
     assertThat(tracking.fileSequenceNumber()).isNull();
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testFirstRowIdIsNullInitially() {
+    TrackingStruct source = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.added(5L).build();
+    source.set(DATA_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_ORDINAL, 10L);
+    source.set(FILE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_ORDINAL, 11L);
+
+    assertThat(source.firstRowId()).isNull();
+
+    TrackingStruct existing = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.from(source, 20L).build();
+
+    assertThat(existing.firstRowId()).isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSettingFirstRowId() {
+    TrackingStruct source = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.added(5L).build();
+    source.set(DATA_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_ORDINAL, 10L);
+    source.set(FILE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_ORDINAL, 11L);
+
+    TrackingStruct existing = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.from(source, 20L).build();
+    existing.setFirstRowId(150L);
+
+    assertThat(existing.firstRowId()).isEqualTo(150L);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSettingFirstRowIdForAddedEntry() {
+    TrackingStruct added = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.added(5L).build();
+
+    assertThatThrownBy(() -> added.setFirstRowId(12L))
+        .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
+        .hasMessage("Cannot set first row id on ADDED entry");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRejectSettingFirstRowIdIfAlreadySet() {
+    TrackingStruct source = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.added(5L).build();
+    source.set(DATA_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_ORDINAL, 10L);
+    source.set(FILE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER_ORDINAL, 11L);
+
+    TrackingStruct existing = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.from(source, 20L).build();
+    existing.setFirstRowId(0L);
+
+    assertThatThrownBy(() -> existing.setFirstRowId(200L))
+        .isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
+        .hasMessage("First row ID is already set");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testInvalidFirstRowId() {
+    TrackingStruct tracking = (TrackingStruct) TrackingBuilder.added(5L).build();
+
+    assertThatThrownBy(() -> tracking.setFirstRowId(-1L))
+        .isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
+        .hasMessage("Invalid first row ID: -1 (must be >= 0)");
+  }
+
   private static Tracking createManifestTracking(long snapshotId, long sequenceNumber) {
     TrackingStruct tracking = new TrackingStruct(Tracking.schema());
     tracking.set(STATUS_ORDINAL, EntryStatus.ADDED.id());