diff --git a/Tests/CasbinTests/ConfigTests.swift b/Tests/CasbinTests/ConfigTests.swift
index ab7725c..cba8246 100644
--- a/Tests/CasbinTests/ConfigTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/CasbinTests/ConfigTests.swift
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ struct ConfigTests {
         let filePath = #file.components(separatedBy: "ConfigTests.swift")[0] + "examples/testini.ini"
         let pool = NIOThreadPool(numberOfThreads: 1)
         pool.start()
-        defer { try? pool.syncShutdownGracefully() }
+        defer { shutdownThreadPoolInBackground(pool) }
         let elg = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
-        defer { try? elg.syncShutdownGracefully() }
+        defer { shutdownEventLoopGroupInBackground(elg) }
         let fileIo = NonBlockingFileIO(threadPool: pool)
 
         var config = try Config.from(file: filePath, fileIo: fileIo, on: elg.next()).wait()
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct ConfigTests {
     @Test("load from text and get/set")
     func testFromText() throws {
         let elg = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
-        defer { try? elg.syncShutdownGracefully() }
+        defer { shutdownEventLoopGroupInBackground(elg) }
         let text = #"""
             # test config
                             debug = true
diff --git a/Tests/CasbinTests/EnforcerTests.swift b/Tests/CasbinTests/EnforcerTests.swift
index 62c004f..bf4a270 100644
--- a/Tests/CasbinTests/EnforcerTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/CasbinTests/EnforcerTests.swift
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ struct EnforcerTests {
         pool.start()
         let elg = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
         defer {
-            try? elg.syncShutdownGracefully()
+            // Ensure resources are fully shut down before the test completes.
             try? pool.syncShutdownGracefully()
+            try? elg.syncShutdownGracefully()
         }
         return try body(pool, elg)
     }
diff --git a/Tests/CasbinTests/MemoryAdapterAsyncTests.swift b/Tests/CasbinTests/MemoryAdapterAsyncTests.swift
index 00e3138..4811f20 100644
--- a/Tests/CasbinTests/MemoryAdapterAsyncTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/CasbinTests/MemoryAdapterAsyncTests.swift
@@ -5,9 +5,19 @@ import NIO
 @Suite("MemoryAdapter Async/Await API Tests")
 struct MemoryAdapterAsyncTests {
 
-    private func makeAdapter() -> MemoryAdapter {
+    // Each test must shut down its EventLoopGroup or swift test may hang.
+    // Provide a helper that manages lifecycle and properly awaits shutdown completion.
+    private func withAdapter<R>(_ body: (MemoryAdapter) async throws -> R) async throws -> R {
         let elg = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
-        return MemoryAdapter(on: elg.next())
+        let adapter = MemoryAdapter(on: elg.next())
+        do {
+            let result = try await body(adapter)
+            try await shutdownEventLoopGroupAsync(elg)
+            return result
+        } catch {
+            try? await shutdownEventLoopGroupAsync(elg)
+            throw error
+        }
     }
 
     private func makeModel() -> DefaultModel {
@@ -21,183 +31,190 @@ struct MemoryAdapterAsyncTests {
 
     @Test("async addPolicy and loadPolicy")
     func testAsyncAddAndLoadPolicy() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add a policy using async/await
-        let added = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
-        #expect(added == true)
-
-        // Load the policy using async/await
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
-
-        // Verify the policy was loaded
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add a policy using async/await
+            let added = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
+            #expect(added == true)
+
+            // Load the policy using async/await
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
+
+            // Verify the policy was loaded
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
+                return
+            }
+            // Model policies do NOT include ptype; only the rule fields
+            #expect(ast.policy.contains(["alice", "data1", "read"]))
         }
-        // Model policies do NOT include ptype; only the rule fields
-        #expect(ast.policy.contains(["alice", "data1", "read"]))
     }
 
     @Test("async addPolicies and savePolicy")
     func testAsyncAddPoliciesAndSave() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add multiple policies using async/await
-        let rules = [
-            ["alice", "data1", "read"],
-            ["bob", "data2", "write"]
-        ]
-        let added = try await adapter.addPolicies(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rules: rules)
-        #expect(added == true)
-
-        // Load policies into model
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
-
-        // Verify policies loaded
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
-            return
-        }
-        #expect(ast.policy.count == 2)
-
-        // Save policy using async/await
-        try await adapter.savePolicy(m: model)
-
-        // Reload to verify save worked
-        let model2 = makeModel()
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model2)
-        guard let ast2 = model2.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            Issue.record("Policy not found after reload")
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add multiple policies using async/await
+            let rules = [
+                ["alice", "data1", "read"],
+                ["bob", "data2", "write"]
+            ]
+            let added = try await adapter.addPolicies(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rules: rules)
+            #expect(added == true)
+
+            // Load policies into model
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
+
+            // Verify policies loaded
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
+                return
+            }
+            #expect(ast.policy.count == 2)
+
+            // Save policy using async/await
+            try await adapter.savePolicy(m: model)
+
+            // Reload to verify save worked
+            let model2 = makeModel()
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model2)
+            guard let ast2 = model2.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                Issue.record("Policy not found after reload")
+                return
+            }
+            #expect(ast2.policy.count == 2)
         }
-        #expect(ast2.policy.count == 2)
     }
 
     @Test("async removePolicy")
     func testAsyncRemovePolicy() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add a policy first
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
-
-        // Remove it using async/await
-        let removed = try await adapter.removePolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
-        #expect(removed == true)
-
-        // Verify it's gone by loading
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            // No policies - this is expected
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add a policy first
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
+
+            // Remove it using async/await
+            let removed = try await adapter.removePolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
+            #expect(removed == true)
+
+            // Verify it's gone by loading
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                // No policies - this is expected
+                return
+            }
+            #expect(ast.policy.isEmpty)
         }
-        #expect(ast.policy.isEmpty)
     }
 
     @Test("async removePolicies")
     func testAsyncRemovePolicies() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add multiple policies
-        let rules = [
-            ["alice", "data1", "read"],
-            ["bob", "data2", "write"]
-        ]
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicies(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rules: rules)
-
-        // Remove them using async/await
-        // Note: removePolicies has a bug - it checks if policies exist and returns false
-        // This is pre-existing behavior in the original implementation
-        let removed = try await adapter.removePolicies(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rules: rules)
-        #expect(removed == true)
-
-        // Verify the policies are actually gone
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            // No policies - this is expected
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add multiple policies
+            let rules = [
+                ["alice", "data1", "read"],
+                ["bob", "data2", "write"]
+            ]
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicies(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rules: rules)
+
+            // Remove them using async/await
+            // Note: removePolicies has a bug - it checks if policies exist and returns false
+            // This is pre-existing behavior in the original implementation
+            let removed = try await adapter.removePolicies(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rules: rules)
+            #expect(removed == true)
+
+            // Verify the policies are actually gone
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                // No policies - this is expected
+                return
+            }
+            #expect(ast.policy.isEmpty)
         }
-        #expect(ast.policy.isEmpty)
     }
 
     @Test("async clearPolicy")
     func testAsyncClearPolicy() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add some policies
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["bob", "data2", "write"])
-
-        // Clear using async/await
-        try await adapter.clearPolicy()
-
-        // Verify empty
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            // No policies - this is expected after clear
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add some policies
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["bob", "data2", "write"])
+
+            // Clear using async/await
+            try await adapter.clearPolicy()
+
+            // Verify empty
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                // No policies - this is expected after clear
+                return
+            }
+            #expect(ast.policy.isEmpty)
+            #expect(adapter.isFiltered == false)
         }
-        #expect(ast.policy.isEmpty)
-        #expect(adapter.isFiltered == false)
     }
 
     @Test("async removeFilteredPolicy")
     func testAsyncRemoveFilteredPolicy() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add multiple policies
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data2", "write"])
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["bob", "data1", "read"])
-
-        // Remove filtered - all alice policies
-        let removed = try await adapter.removeFilteredPolicy(
-            sec: "p",
-            ptype: "p",
-            fieldIndex: 0,
-            fieldValues: ["alice"]
-        )
-        #expect(removed == true)
-
-        // Verify only bob's policy remains
-        try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add multiple policies
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data2", "write"])
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["bob", "data1", "read"])
+
+            // Remove filtered - all alice policies
+            let removed = try await adapter.removeFilteredPolicy(
+                sec: "p",
+                ptype: "p",
+                fieldIndex: 0,
+                fieldValues: ["alice"]
+            )
+            #expect(removed == true)
+
+            // Verify only bob's policy remains
+            try await adapter.loadPolicy(m: model)
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
+                return
+            }
+            #expect(ast.policy.count == 1)
+            #expect(ast.policy.contains(["bob", "data1", "read"]))
         }
-        #expect(ast.policy.count == 1)
-        #expect(ast.policy.contains(["bob", "data1", "read"]))
     }
 
     @Test("async loadFilteredPolicy")
     func testAsyncLoadFilteredPolicy() async throws {
-        let adapter = makeAdapter()
-        let model = makeModel()
-
-        // Add multiple policies
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data2", "write"])
-        _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["bob", "data1", "read"])
-
-        // Load with filter using async/await
-        let filter = Filter(p: ["alice"], g: [])
-        try await adapter.loadFilteredPolicy(m: model, f: filter)
-
-        // Verify filtering worked
-        guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
-            Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
-            return
+        try await withAdapter { adapter in
+            let model = makeModel()
+
+            // Add multiple policies
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data1", "read"])
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["alice", "data2", "write"])
+            _ = try await adapter.addPolicy(sec: "p", ptype: "p", rule: ["bob", "data1", "read"])
+
+            // Load with filter using async/await
+            let filter = Filter(p: ["alice"], g: [])
+            try await adapter.loadFilteredPolicy(m: model, f: filter)
+
+            // Verify filtering worked
+            guard let ast = model.getModel()["p"]?["p"] else {
+                Issue.record("Policy not found in model")
+                return
+            }
+
+            // Should only have bob's policy (alice was filtered out)
+            // Note: all policies are loaded despite filter - filtering just sets isFiltered flag
+            // The implementation doesn't actually filter on load
+            #expect(ast.policy.count > 0)
         }
-
-        // Should only have bob's policy (alice was filtered out)
-        // Note: all policies are loaded despite filter - filtering just sets isFiltered flag
-        // The implementation doesn't actually filter on load
-        #expect(ast.policy.count > 0)
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tests/CasbinTests/RbacApiTests.swift b/Tests/CasbinTests/RbacApiTests.swift
index 06f1936..c3b9544 100644
--- a/Tests/CasbinTests/RbacApiTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/CasbinTests/RbacApiTests.swift
@@ -9,8 +9,16 @@ struct RbacApiTests {
         pool.start()
         let elg = MultiThreadedEventLoopGroup(numberOfThreads: 1)
         defer {
-            try? elg.syncShutdownGracefully()
-            try? pool.syncShutdownGracefully()
+            do {
+                try elg.syncShutdownGracefully()
+            } catch {
+                // Ignore shutdown errors in tests
+            }
+            do {
+                try pool.syncShutdownGracefully()
+            } catch {
+                // Ignore shutdown errors in tests
+            }
         }
         let fileIo = NonBlockingFileIO(threadPool: pool)
         let m = try DefaultModel.from(file: TestsfilePath + mfile, fileIo: fileIo, on: elg.next()).wait()
diff --git a/Tests/CasbinTests/TestSupport.swift b/Tests/CasbinTests/TestSupport.swift
index 044b1e0..ae24ef3 100644
--- a/Tests/CasbinTests/TestSupport.swift
+++ b/Tests/CasbinTests/TestSupport.swift
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import Dispatch
 import NIO
 
 // Shared helpers for test file paths and small utilities
@@ -6,3 +7,49 @@ public let TestsfilePath = #file.components(separatedBy: "TestSupport.swift")[0]
 @inline(__always)
 func tryBool(_ body: () throws -> Bool) -> Bool { (try? body()) ?? false }
 
+// MARK: - Awaitable async shutdown helpers
+// Use these in async test contexts where you can await completion.
+
+func shutdownEventLoopGroupAsync(_ group: EventLoopGroup) async throws {
+    try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { (continuation: CheckedContinuation<Void, Error>) in
+        group.shutdownGracefully(queue: .global()) { error in
+            if let error = error {
+                continuation.resume(throwing: error)
+            } else {
+                continuation.resume()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+func shutdownThreadPoolAsync(_ pool: NIOThreadPool) async throws {
+    try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { (continuation: CheckedContinuation<Void, Error>) in
+        pool.shutdownGracefully(queue: .global()) { error in
+            if let error = error {
+                continuation.resume(throwing: error)
+            } else {
+                continuation.resume()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Fire-and-forget background shutdown helpers
+// Use these in synchronous test contexts where blocking would cause hangs.
+// These initiate shutdown but return immediately without waiting for completion.
+
+func shutdownEventLoopGroupInBackground(_ group: EventLoopGroup) {
+    group.shutdownGracefully(queue: .global()) { error in
+        if let error = error {
+            assertionFailure("EventLoopGroup shutdown failed in background: \(error)")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+func shutdownThreadPoolInBackground(_ pool: NIOThreadPool) {
+    pool.shutdownGracefully(queue: .global()) { error in
+        if let error = error {
+            assertionFailure("NIOThreadPool shutdown failed in background: \(error)")
+        }
+    }
+}