diff --git a/crates/core/src/decode/function_call_decoder.rs b/crates/core/src/decode/function_call_decoder.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0673b3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/core/src/decode/function_call_decoder.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+//! `FunctionCallDecoder`
+//!
+//! Reconstructs the exact function call a Soroban transaction initiated.
+//!
+//! Every Soroban transaction begins with a Host Function Invocation: the raw
+//! XDR command telling the VM which function to run on which contract with
+//! which arguments. In the raw XDR, the arguments arrive as an untyped
+//! `SCVec` — just a bag of bytes with no field names attached. This module
+//! turns that untyped bag back into a labeled, human-readable call, e.g.
+//! `transfer(from: "G...", to: "G...", amount: 1000)`.
+
+use crate::decode::scval_to_json::scval_to_json;
+use crate::error::GratError;
+use crate::spec::ContractSpec;
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;
+use stellar_xdr::curr::{HostFunction, InvokeContractArgs, ScVal};
+
+/// One decoded, labeled argument: the parameter name from the contract's
+/// spec, paired with its JSON-decoded value.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct DecodedArgument {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub value: JsonValue,
+}
+
+/// The fully reconstructed function call: which function was invoked, and
+/// its labeled arguments in declaration order.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize)]
+pub struct DecodedFunctionCall {
+    pub function_name: String,
+    pub arguments: Vec<DecodedArgument>,
+}
+
+impl DecodedFunctionCall {
+    /// Renders e.g. `transfer(from: "G...", to: "G...", amount: 1000)`
+    pub fn pretty_print(&self) -> String {
+        let args = self
+            .arguments
+            .iter()
+            .map(|a| format!("{}: {}", a.name, a.value))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(", ");
+        format!("{}({})", self.function_name, args)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct FunctionCallDecoder;
+
+impl FunctionCallDecoder {
+    /// Decode a raw `HostFunction` invocation into a labeled function-call
+    /// summary, using the contract's parsed `ContractSpec` to resolve the
+    /// target function's signature.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// - `GratError::ArityMismatch` if the number of raw arguments doesn't
+    ///   match the number of parameters declared for this function.
+    /// - `GratError::SpecError` if the function name can't be found in the
+    ///   contract's spec.
+    /// - `GratError::UnsupportedHostFunction` if the host function isn't an
+    ///   `InvokeContract` invocation.
+    pub fn decode(
+        host_function: &HostFunction,
+        spec: &ContractSpec,
+    ) -> Result<DecodedFunctionCall, GratError> {
+        let invoke_args: &InvokeContractArgs = match host_function {
+            HostFunction::InvokeContract(args) => args,
+            other => {
+                return Err(GratError::UnsupportedHostFunction(format!(
+                    "FunctionCallDecoder only supports InvokeContract host functions, got: {other:?}"
+                )));
+            }
+        };
+
+        let function_name =
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(invoke_args.function_name.as_ref()).into_owned();
+        let raw_args: &[ScVal] = invoke_args.args.as_slice();
+
+        // Look up this function's declared signature in the contract's spec.
+        let contract_function = spec
+            .functions
+            .iter()
+            .find(|f| f.name == function_name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                GratError::SpecError(format!(
+                    "function '{function_name}' not found in contract spec"
+                ))
+            })?;
+
+        let expected_params = &contract_function.params;
+
+        // Arity check first, before we try to zip/decode anything — a
+        // mismatched count means the zip below would silently truncate,
+        // which is exactly the failure mode this decoder exists to catch.
+        if expected_params.len() != raw_args.len() {
+            return Err(GratError::ArityMismatch {
+                function_name: function_name.clone(),
+                expected: expected_params.len(),
+                actual: raw_args.len(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let arguments = expected_params
+            .iter()
+            .zip(raw_args.iter())
+            .map(|((param_name, _param_type), raw_val)| DecodedArgument {
+                name: param_name.clone(),
+                value: scval_to_json(raw_val),
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        Ok(DecodedFunctionCall {
+            function_name,
+            arguments,
+        })
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/core/src/decode/mod.rs b/crates/core/src/decode/mod.rs
index f0ee2f58..9ea4acd5 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/decode/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/decode/mod.rs
@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@ pub mod cross_contract;
 pub mod decode_context;
 pub mod diagnostic;
 pub mod event_walker;
+pub mod function_call_decoder;
 pub mod host_error;
 pub mod mappings;
 pub mod report;
 pub mod scval_to_json;
 pub mod walker;
 
+
 pub use auth::{
     AddressCredential, AuthChain, AuthCredential, AuthFunctionKind, AuthInvocation,
     AuthorizationType,
diff --git a/crates/core/src/error.rs b/crates/core/src/error.rs
index 713bceac..9e90c3c5 100644
--- a/crates/core/src/error.rs
+++ b/crates/core/src/error.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ pub enum ArchiveErrorKind {
     #[error("decompression failed for '{file}': {reason}")]
     DecompressionFailed { file: String, reason: String },
 }
-
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 pub enum GratError {
     #[error("RPC request timed out after {timeout_secs}s (method: {method})")]
@@ -86,6 +85,18 @@ pub enum GratError {
 
     #[error("Invalid Contract ID: {0}")]
     InvalidContractId(String),
+
+    #[error(
+        "Function '{function_name}' expects {expected} argument(s), but {actual} were provided"
+    )]
+    ArityMismatch {
+        function_name: String,
+        expected: usize,
+        actual: usize,
+    },
+
+    #[error("Unsupported host function: {0}")]
+    UnsupportedHostFunction(String),
 }
 
-pub type GratResult<T> = Result<T, GratError>;
+pub type GratResult<T> = Result<T, GratError>;
\ No newline at end of file