data.json

[
  {
    "id": "newton-principia",
    "type": "book",
    "title": "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica",
    "author": "Isaac Newton",
    "chapter": 4,
    "display_date": "1687/07/05",
    "sort_val": 1687.0705,
    "place_name": "Cambridge, UK",
    "coords": [52.2043, 0.1218],
    "tags": ["calculus", "physics", "scientific-revolution", "vectors", "mechanics", "integration", "limits", "fluid-dynamics", "gravity", "astronomy", "geometry", "modelling"],
    "image": "books/covers/newton-principia.jpg",
    "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 / Sourced from Wikimedia Commons",
    "url": "books/newton-principia.html",
    "alt_text": "An old, slightly stained parchment title page of Sir Isaac Newton's book, 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica,' printed in 1687."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-kushim-error",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~3100 BCE",
    "sort_val": -3100,
    "label": "A Sumerian accountant named Kushim signs a clay tablet containing history's first recorded arithmetic error."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-lo-shu-turtle",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~2200 BCE",
    "sort_val": -2200,
    "label": "Chinese scholars document the 'Lo Shu' grid, creating the world's first recorded mathematical magic square."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-khajuraho-square",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1000 CE",
    "sort_val": 1000,
    "label": "Artisans carve a perfect 4x4 pan-diagonal magic square into the stone walls of Khajuraho, India."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-plus-shorthand",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1360",
    "sort_val": 1360.0,
    "label": "French philosopher Nicole Oresme introduces the '+' symbol as a rapid script shorthand for the Latin word 'et'."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-slide-rule",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1622",
    "sort_val": 1622.0,
    "label": "William Oughtred invents the circular slide rule, creating history's ultimate analogue calculations device."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-pi-symbol",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1706",
    "sort_val": 1706.0,
    "label": "Welshman William Jones introduces the Greek letter 'π' to represent a circle's circumference-to-diameter ratio."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-four-colour-blunder",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1879",
    "sort_val": 1879.0,
    "label": "Alfred Kempe publishes a proof of the Four Colour Theorem that is celebrated globally before being exposed as a blunder a decade later."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-imaginary-unit",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1777",
    "sort_val": 1777.0,
    "label": "Leonhard Euler first adopts the letter 'i' to explicitly represent the imaginary unit value of the square root of minus one."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-kovalevskaya-appointment",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1884 CE",
    "sort_val": 1884.0,
    "label": "Sofia Kovalevskaya is appointed to a full professorship in mathematics in Sweden, a historic first for modern Europe."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-noether-theorem",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1915/07",
    "sort_val": 1915.5,
    "label": "Emmy Noether proves her landmark theorem linking physical symmetries directly to conservation laws in mathematics."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-cartwright-chaos",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1938 CE",
    "sort_val": 1938.0,
    "label": "Mary Cartwright discovers the underlying structure of unpredictable feedback loops, predating modern chaos theory."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-johnson-glenn-flight",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1962/02/20",
    "sort_val": 1962.137,
    "label": "Katherine Johnson manually recalculates and verifies NASA's first orbital flight trajectories to ensure pilot safety."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-wilson-arm",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1985/04",
    "sort_val": 1985.25,
    "label": "Transgender pioneer Sophie Wilson designs the fundamental ARM instruction architecture, transforming global computer processing."
  },
  {
    "id": "math-egg-mirzakhani-fields",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2014/08/13",
    "sort_val": 2014.6137,
    "label": "Maryam Mirzakhani becomes the first woman to win the Fields Medal for her work on hyperbolic geometry."
  },
  {
    "id": "era-paleolithic-end",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~10000 BCE",
    "sort_val": -10000,
    "label": "The Paleolithic Era ends as the retreat of the last glaciers drives the global transition toward farming and permanent human settlements."
  },
  {
    "id": "silk-road-opening",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~130 BCE",
    "sort_val": -130,
    "label": "The Han Dynasty establishes formal trade routes to the West, opening the Silk Road and initiating centuries of Eurasian cultural exchange."
  },
  {
    "id": "viking-voyage-america",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1000 CE",
    "sort_val": 1000,
    "label": "Norse mariners establish a settlement in modern-day Canada, representing the earliest known European transatlantic voyage."
  },
  {
    "id": "founding-aztec-empire",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1325 CE",
    "sort_val": 1325,
    "label": "The Mexica people found the city of Tenochtitlan, establishing the geopolitical foundation for the expansion of the Aztec Empire."
  },
  {
    "id": "black-death-europe",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1347/10",
    "sort_val": 1347.7863,
    "label": "Maritime trade routes bring the second plague pandemic to Europe, permanently altering the demographic and economic structure of the continent."
  },
  {
    "id": "gutenberg-printing-press",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1440",
    "sort_val": 1440,
    "label": "Johannes Gutenberg develops the movable-type printing press in Germany, introducing a systemic system of mass communication to Europe."
  },
  {
    "id": "columbus-reaches-americas",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1492/10/12",
    "sort_val": 1492.7787,
    "label": "A maritime expedition arrives in the Caribbean, initiating sustained interaction and globalization between Europe and the Americas."
  },
  {
    "id": "industrial-revolution-beginning",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1760",
    "sort_val": 1760,
    "label": "The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain, marking the historic transition from agrarian economies to machine-driven manufacturing."
  },
  {
    "id": "industrial-revolution-end",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1840",
    "sort_val": 1840,
    "label": "The first wave of the Industrial Revolution draws to a close as steam power, mass metallurgy, and railway networks become mature global realities."
  },
  {
    "id": "abolition-slave-trade",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1807/03/25",
    "sort_val": 1807.2274,
    "label": "The British Parliament enacts the Slave Trade Act, marking a significant legal step toward the eventual global prohibition of the transatlantic slave trade."
  },
  {
    "id": "harriet-tubman-underground",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1850",
    "sort_val": 1850,
    "label": "Harriet Tubman escapes bondage and begins a decade-long series of rescue missions to guide enslaved people along the Underground Railroad."
  },
  {
    "id": "dawn-space-age",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1957/10/04",
    "sort_val": 1957.7562,
    "label": "The Space Age begins as the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, successfully reaches orbit and transmits radio signals back to Earth."
  },
  {
    "id": "berlin-wall-fall",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1989/11/09",
    "sort_val": 1989.8548,
    "label": "The opening of the Berlin Wall begins, initiating the collapse of Eastern Bloc regimes and symbolising the approaching conclusion of the Cold War."
  },
  {
        "id": "dawn-information-age",
        "type": "milestone",
        "display_date": "~1990",
        "sort_val": 1990.0,
        "label": "The Information Age takes root globally as digital computing and commercial internet infrastructure transition society into a networked economy."
    },
    {
        "id": "era-renewable-transition",
        "type": "milestone",
        "display_date": "~2015",
        "sort_val": 2015.0,
        "label": "A global shift toward green energy accelerates, marking the period where solar and wind power begin scaling to rival fossil fuel grids worldwide."
    },
  {
    "id": "brian-may-red-special",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "~1963",
    "sort_val": 1963.0,
    "label": "Brian May and his father Harold finish building the 'Red Special' guitar."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-1st-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1963/11/23",
    "sort_val": 1963.8931,
    "label": "Doctor Who debuts on BBC TV with 'An Unearthly Child' (First Doctor)."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-2nd-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1966/10/29",
    "sort_val": 1966.8246,
    "label": "The Second Doctor makes his first full appearance in 'The Tenth Planet'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-3rd-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1970/01/03",
    "sort_val": 1970.0054,
    "label": "The Third Doctor debuts in the colour serial 'Spearhead from Space'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-queen",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1973/07/13",
    "sort_val": 1973.5287,
    "label": "Queen releases their self-titled debut studio album, 'Queen'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-queen-ii",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1974/03/08",
    "sort_val": 1974.1808,
    "label": "Queen releases their second studio album, 'Queen II'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-sheer-heart-attack",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1974/11/08",
    "sort_val": 1974.852,
    "label": "Queen releases their third studio album, 'Sheer Heart Attack'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-4th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1974/12/28",
    "sort_val": 1974.989,
    "label": "The Fourth Doctor debuts in the first episode of 'Robot'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-night-at-the-opera",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1975/11/21",
    "sort_val": 1975.8876,
    "label": "Queen releases their fourth studio album, 'A Night at the Opera'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-day-at-the-races",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1976/12/10",
    "sort_val": 1976.9398,
    "label": "Queen releases their fifth studio album, 'A Day at the Races'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-news-of-the-world",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1977/10/28",
    "sort_val": 1977.8219,
    "label": "Queen releases their sixth studio album, 'News of the World'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-jazz",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1978/11/10",
    "sort_val": 1978.8575,
    "label": "Queen releases their seventh studio album, 'Jazz'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-the-game",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1980/06/30",
    "sort_val": 1980.4945,
    "label": "Queen releases their eighth studio album, 'The Game'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-flash-gordon",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1980/12/08",
    "sort_val": 1980.9344,
    "label": "Queen releases their ninth studio album, 'Flash Gordon'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-5th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1982/01/04",
    "sort_val": 1982.0082,
    "label": "The Fifth Doctor debuts in the first episode of 'Castrovalva'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-hot-space",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1982/05/21",
    "sort_val": 1982.3835,
    "label": "Queen releases their tenth studio album, 'Hot Space'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-the-works",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1984/02/27",
    "sort_val": 1984.1557,
    "label": "Queen releases their eleventh studio album, 'The Works'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-6th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1984/03/22",
    "sort_val": 1984.2213,
    "label": "The Sixth Doctor debuts in the first episode of 'The Twin Dilemma'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-a-kind-of-magic",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1986/06/02",
    "sort_val": 1986.4164,
    "label": "Queen releases their twelfth studio album, 'A Kind of Magic'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-7th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1987/09/07",
    "sort_val": 1987.6821,
    "label": "The Seventh Doctor debuts in the first episode of 'Time and the Rani'."
  },
  {
    "id": "red-dwarf-premiere",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1988/02/15",
    "sort_val": 1988.123,
    "label": "Red Dwarf broadcasts for the very first time on BBC Two with 'The End'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-the-miracle",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1989/05/22",
    "sort_val": 1989.3863,
    "label": "Queen releases their thirteenth studio album, 'The Miracle'."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-innuendo",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1991/02/04",
    "sort_val": 1991.0931,
    "label": "Queen releases their fourteenth studio album, 'Innuendo'."
  },
  {
    "id": "freddie-mercury-death",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1991/11/24",
    "sort_val": 1991.8958,
    "label": "Queen frontman and iconic vocalist Freddie Mercury dies."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-album-made-in-heaven",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1995/11/06",
    "sort_val": 1995.8465,
    "label": "Queen releases their fifteenth and final studio album, 'Made in Heaven'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-8th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "1996/05/12",
    "sort_val": 1996.3606,
    "label": "The Eighth Doctor debuts in the transatlantic television movie."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-9th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2005/03/26",
    "sort_val": 2005.2301,
    "label": "The Ninth Doctor debuts as Doctor Who returns to television in 'Rose'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-10th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2005/12/25",
    "sort_val": 2005.9808,
    "label": "The Tenth Doctor makes his first full appearance in 'The Christmas Invasion'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-11th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2010/04/03",
    "sort_val": 2010.252,
    "label": "The Eleventh Doctor takes over the TARDIS in 'The Eleventh Hour'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-12th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2014/08/23",
    "sort_val": 2014.641,
    "label": "The Twelfth Doctor debuts in his first full episode, 'Deep Breath'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-13th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2018/10/07",
    "sort_val": 2018.7643,
    "label": "The Thirteenth Doctor debuts in 'The Woman Who Fell to Earth'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-14th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2023/11/25",
    "sort_val": 2023.8986,
    "label": "The Fourteenth Doctor leads the 60th-anniversary special 'The Star Beast'."
  },
  {
    "id": "doctor-who-15th-doctor",
    "type": "milestone",
    "display_date": "2023/12/25",
    "sort_val": 2023.9808,
    "label": "The Fifteenth Doctor stars in his first full episode, 'The Church on Ruby Road'."
  },
  {
    "id": "construction-great-pyramid",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Completion of the Great Pyramid",
    "display_date": "~2560 BCE",
    "sort_val": -2560,
    "place_name": "Giza, Egypt",
    "context_description": "The Great Pyramid of Giza is completed for Pharaoh Khufu, remaining the world's tallest man-made structure for over 3,800 years and showcasing advanced engineering."
  },
  {
    "id": "enheduanna-high-priestess",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Appointment of Enheduanna",
    "display_date": "~2250 BCE",
    "sort_val": -2250,
    "place_name": "Ur, Mesopotamia",
    "context_description": "Enheduanna is appointed High Priestess of the moon god Nanna, writing religious hymns that make her the earliest individual author recorded by name in human history."
  },
  {
    "id": "code-of-hammurabi",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Enactment of Hammurabi's Code",
    "display_date": "~1750 BCE",
    "sort_val": -1750,
    "place_name": "Babylon, Mesopotamia",
    "context_description": "King Hammurabi enacts a public stone stela of laws, establishing one of the earliest and most complete surviving written legal codes governing civil and criminal justice."
  },
  {
    "id": "hatshepsut-reign-begins",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Ascension of Pharaoh Hatshepsut",
    "display_date": "~1473 BCE",
    "sort_val": -1473,
    "place_name": "Thebes, Egypt",
    "context_description": "Hatshepsut ascends the throne as a female Pharaoh, initiating a prosperous period marked by internal stability, architectural innovation, and extensive regional trade."
  },
  {
    "id": "trung-sisters-rebellion",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Uprising of the Trưng Sisters",
    "display_date": "40 CE",
    "sort_val": 40,
    "place_name": "Giao Chỉ, Ancient Vietnam",
    "context_description": "The Trưng Sisters lead a popular military uprising against Han Dynasty governors, briefly establishing an autonomous state and becoming symbols of Vietnamese resistance."
  },
  {
    "id": "invention-of-paper-process",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Standardisation of Paper Production",
    "display_date": "105 CE",
    "sort_val": 105,
    "place_name": "Luoyang, China",
    "context_description": "Han official Cai Lun standardises papermaking using plant fibres, mulberry bark, and rags, fundamentally transforming global communication and record-keeping."
  },
  {
    "id": "death-of-hypatia",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "The Death of Hypatia",
    "display_date": "415/03",
    "sort_val": 415.2,
    "place_name": "Alexandria, Egypt",
    "context_description": "Mathematician and philosopher Hypatia is killed during intense religious and socio-political conflict, marking a symbolic end to classical Alexandria's intellectual era."
  },
  {
    "id": "wu-zetian-reign-begins",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Proclamation of the Wu Zhou Dynasty",
    "display_date": "690/10",
    "sort_val": 690.7863,
    "place_name": "Luoyang, China",
    "context_description": "Empress Wu Zetian officially proclaims her independent dynasty, seizing absolute power to become the only female monarch to rule China in her own right."
  },
  {
    "id": "founding-baghdad-wisdom",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Foundation of Baghdad",
    "display_date": "762 CE",
    "sort_val": 762,
    "place_name": "Baghdad, Iraq",
    "context_description": "The Abbasid Caliphate founds Baghdad as its capital, rapidly expanding it into a prominent global intellectual hub that will host the famous House of Wisdom."
  },
  {
    "id": "house-of-wisdom-founded",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Institutionalisation of the House of Wisdom",
    "display_date": "~800",
    "sort_val": 800,
    "place_name": "Baghdad, Iraq",
    "context_description": "Baghdad's Grand Library transitions into a formal intellectual academy, translating Greek, Persian, and Indian mathematical and scientific texts for global dissemination."
  },
  {
    "id": "oxford-university-teaching",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Earliest Teaching at Oxford",
    "display_date": "~1096",
    "sort_val": 1096,
    "place_name": "Oxford, England",
    "context_description": "Historical records document formal scholastic lectures by visiting scholars, laying early groundwork for structured scientific and mathematical education in Europe."
  },
  {
    "id": "bologna-university-charter",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Chartering of the University of Bologna",
    "display_date": "1158",
    "sort_val": 1158,
    "place_name": "Bologna, Italy",
    "context_description": "Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa grants the Authentica Habita charter, formally establishing Bologna as a center of independent study and pioneering the modern degree."
  },
  {
    "id": "sorbonne-founding",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Recognition of the University of Paris",
    "display_date": "~1200",
    "sort_val": 1200,
    "place_name": "Paris, France",
    "context_description": "Masters and students receive official charter recognition, transforming Paris into a premier destination for studying the mathematical sciences and theology."
  },
  {
    "id": "magna-carta",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Sealing of the Magna Carta",
    "display_date": "1215/06/15",
    "sort_val": 1215.4521,
    "place_name": "Runnymede, England",
    "context_description": "King John seals the Magna Carta under pressure from rebel barons, establishing the constitutional precedent that even the sovereign is subject to the rule of law."
  },
  {
    "id": "joan-of-arc-orleans",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Relief of the Siege of Orléans",
    "display_date": "1429/05/08",
    "sort_val": 1429.3479,
    "place_name": "Orléans, France",
    "context_description": "Joan of Arc successfully rallies French forces to break the English siege, entirely reversing the strategic momentum of the Hundred Years' War."
  },
  {
    "id": "magellan-circumnavigation",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Return of the Victoria",
    "display_date": "1522/09/06",
    "sort_val": 1522.6795,
    "place_name": "Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain",
    "context_description": "The Victoria returns under Juan Sebastián Elcano, completing the first documented human circumnavigation of the Earth after an arduous three-year global voyage."
  },
  {
    "id": "queen-nzinga-ascension",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Ascension of Queen Nzinga",
    "display_date": "~1624",
    "sort_val": 1624,
    "place_name": "Kabasa, Angola",
    "context_description": "Queen Nzinga assumes the throne of Ndongo, launching decades of military campaigns and strategic diplomacy to resist Portuguese expansion into Central Africa."
  },
  {
    "id": "royal-society-charter",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Chartering of the Royal Society",
    "display_date": "1662/07/15",
    "sort_val": 1662.537,
    "place_name": "London, England",
    "context_description": "King Charles II seals the official charter for the Royal Society, formalising an elite academy of natural philosophers and standardising scientific peer-review."
  },
  {
    "id": "academie-sciences-founded",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Foundation of the Académie des Sciences",
    "display_date": "1666/12/22",
    "sort_val": 1666.9753,
    "place_name": "Paris, France",
    "context_description": "King Louis XIV establishes the Académie des Sciences, providing heavily funded institutional structure that formalised mathematical physics and celestial mechanics."
  },
  {
    "id": "steam-engine-watt",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Introduction of the Watt Steam Engine",
    "display_date": "~1776",
    "sort_val": 1776,
    "place_name": "Birmingham, England",
    "context_description": "James Watt deploys his commercial condenser steam engine at industrial factories, offering a vastly more efficient method of generating mechanical work."
  },
  {
    "id": "french-revolution",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "The Storming of the Bastille",
    "display_date": "1789/07/14",
    "sort_val": 1789.5315,
    "place_name": "Paris, France",
    "context_description": "Revolutionary citizens assault and capture the Bastille fortress, sparking social restructuring and accelerating the global decline of absolute feudal monarchies."
  },
  {
    "id": "lovelace-analytical-engine",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Lovelace's Analytical Engine Notes",
    "display_date": "1843/09",
    "sort_val": 1843.7041,
    "place_name": "London, England",
    "context_description": "Ada Lovelace completes elaborate annotations on Babbage's mechanical computer, engineering the world's first complex algorithm designed for machine computation."
  },
  {
    "id": "international-congress-mathematicians-first",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "First International Congress of Mathematicians",
    "display_date": "1897/08/09",
    "sort_val": 1897.6055,
    "place_name": "Zurich, Switzerland",
    "context_description": "The premier global convention of research mathematicians convenes, establishing a permanent international community to standardise and coordinate mathematical research."
  },
  {
    "id": "hilbert-problems-address",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Presentation of the Hilbert Problems",
    "display_date": "1900/08/08",
    "sort_val": 1900.6027,
    "place_name": "Paris, France",
    "context_description": "David Hilbert challenges mathematics at the Sorbonne Congress, presenting 23 foundational unsolved problems that guided research throughout the twentieth century."
  },
  {
    "id": "marie-curie-nobel",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "First Female Nobel Prize Laureate",
    "display_date": "1903/12/10",
    "sort_val": 1903.9397,
    "place_name": "Stockholm, Sweden",
    "context_description": "Marie Curie is co-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for her rigorous research into radioactive isolation methods, breaking institutional barriers for women scientists."
  },
  {
    "id": "suffragette-black-friday",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "The Suffragist March on Parliament",
    "display_date": "1910/11/18",
    "sort_val": 1910.8795,
    "place_name": "London, England",
    "context_description": "Political suffragists march on Parliament to protest stalled voting rights legislation, facing heavy resistance and escalating the global women's suffrage movement."
  },
  {
    "id": "outbreak-world-war-one",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Outbreak of World War I",
    "display_date": "1914/07/28",
    "sort_val": 1914.5699,
    "place_name": "Belgrade, Serbia",
    "context_description": "Austria-Hungary fires opening artillery across the Danube against Serbian forces, initiating a major global industrial conflict that fundamentally redrew political maps."
  },
  {
  "id": "outbreak-world-war-two",
  "type": "event",
  "title": "Outbreak of World War II",
  "display_date": "1939/09/01",
  "sort_val": 1939.6658,
  "place_name": "Wieluń and Westerplatte, Poland",
  "context_description": "Germany invades Poland, triggering declarations of war from Britain and France. This marks the outbreak of World War II, a global conflict that fundamentally reshaped international relations, technology, and geography."
},
  {
    "id": "rosa-parks-bus",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Rosa Parks Bus Action",
    "display_date": "1955/12/01",
    "sort_val": 1955.9151,
    "place_name": "Montgomery, Alabama",
    "context_description": "Rosa Parks refuses to move in a segregated bus section, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott that catalysed the modern Civil Rights Movement in the United States."
  },
  {
    "id": "valentina-tereshkova-space",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Launch of Vostok 6",
    "display_date": "1963/06/16",
    "sort_val": 1963.4548,
    "place_name": "Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR",
    "context_description": "Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova launches into multi-day Earth orbit, successfully completing a mission that makes her the first woman in space."
  },
  {
    "id": "tu-youyou-artemisinin",
    "type": "event",
    "title": "Discovery of Artemisinin",
    "display_date": "~1972",
    "sort_val": 1972,
    "place_name": "Beijing, China",
    "context_description": "Medical researcher Tu Youyou extracts artemisinin from sweet wormwood plants, developing a potent antimalarial drug that saved millions of lives globally."
  },
  {
        "id": "founding-united-nations",
        "type": "event",
        "title": "Establishment of the United Nations",
        "display_date": "1945/10/24",
        "sort_val": 1945.8137,
        "place_name": "San Francisco, California, USA",
        "context_description": "The UN charter takes effect, creating an international organization designed to enforce collective security and prevent future global conflicts."
    },
    {
        "id": "invention-transistor",
        "type": "event",
        "title": "First Demonstration of the Transistor",
        "display_date": "1947/12/23",
        "sort_val": 1947.9753,
        "place_name": "Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA",
        "context_description": "Bell Labs successfully tests the first working point-contact transistor, providing the fundamental semiconductor building block for all modern electronics."
    },
    {
        "id": "first-world-wide-web-server",
        "type": "event",
        "title": "Launch of the World Wide Web",
        "display_date": "1991/08/06",
        "sort_val": 1991.5973,
        "place_name": "Geneva, Switzerland",
        "context_description": "Tim Berners-Lee publishes the first public description of the World Wide Web project, making the internet accessible via browser software to the public."
    }
]