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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta
name="description"
content="Celestial Dynamics Iteration Methods is an R numerical simulation suite comparing Euler, Midpoint, Heun, RK4, and Verlet methods across projectile, two-body, and three-body gravitational systems."
>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#0f5364">
<title>Celestial Dynamics | Iteration Methods Comparison</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<a class="skip-link" href="#top">Skip to main content</a>
<header class="site-header">
<a class="brand" href="#top" aria-label="Celestial Dynamics home">
<span class="brand-mark">SR</span>
<span>Celestial Dynamics</span>
</a>
<nav class="nav-links" aria-label="Primary navigation">
<a href="#methods">Methods</a>
<a href="#systems">Systems</a>
<a href="#results">Results</a>
<a href="#package">Package</a>
</nav>
</header>
<main id="top" tabindex="-1">
<section class="hero section">
<div class="hero-copy">
<p class="eyebrow">Numerical methods and orbital simulation</p>
<h1>Celestial Dynamics Iteration Methods</h1>
<p class="hero-text">
A numerical simulation suite comparing Euler, Midpoint, Heun, RK4,
and Velocity Verlet methods across projectile motion, two-body
orbits, and three-body gravitational systems.
</p>
<div class="hero-actions">
<a class="button primary" href="analysis/generated/index.html">Generated Results</a>
<a class="button" href="https://github.com/SidRichardsQuantum/Celestial_Dynamics_Iteration_Methods" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub Repo</a>
<a class="button" href="https://sidrichardsquantum.r-universe.dev/CelestialDynamicsIterationMethods" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">R-universe</a>
<a class="button" href="https://sidrichardsquantum.github.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Main Portfolio</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="hero-side">
<figure class="hero-visual">
<img
src="images/comparisons/sun_earth_all_methods.png"
alt="Sun-Earth orbit comparison generated by multiple numerical integration methods"
>
</figure>
<aside class="focus-panel" aria-label="Project focus areas">
<h2>Project Focus</h2>
<ul>
<li>Compare first, second, fourth, and symplectic time-stepping methods.</li>
<li>Measure trajectory error, energy drift, and angular momentum conservation.</li>
<li>Generate reproducible figures, CSV diagnostics, and interactive HTML results.</li>
<li>Package the simulation helpers for R workflows and R-universe installation.</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</div>
</section>
<section id="methods" class="section">
<div class="section-heading">
<p class="eyebrow">Implemented solvers</p>
<h2>Five iteration methods under the same gravitational tests</h2>
<p>
The suite keeps the problem setup fixed while swapping the integration
rule, making long-horizon stability and conservation behavior easy to
compare.
</p>
</div>
<div class="project-grid method-grid">
<article class="project-card">
<div>
<h3>Euler</h3>
<p>
A first-order baseline that makes accumulated position and energy
error visible in orbital problems.
</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<span>First order</span>
<span>Explicit</span>
<span>Baseline</span>
</div>
</article>
<article class="project-card">
<div>
<h3>Midpoint</h3>
<p>
A second-order Runge-Kutta method that improves local accuracy with
a half-step slope estimate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<span>Second order</span>
<span>RK2</span>
<span>Trajectory error</span>
</div>
</article>
<article class="project-card">
<div>
<h3>Heun</h3>
<p>
A predictor-corrector method that averages initial and corrected
slopes for second-order convergence.
</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<span>Second order</span>
<span>Predictor-corrector</span>
<span>Convergence</span>
</div>
</article>
<article class="project-card">
<div>
<h3>RK4</h3>
<p>
A fourth-order reference method used for high-accuracy trajectories
and convergence comparisons.
</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<span>Fourth order</span>
<span>Reference</span>
<span>Accuracy</span>
</div>
</article>
<article class="project-card">
<div>
<h3>Velocity Verlet</h3>
<p>
A symplectic method included for its strong qualitative behavior in
conservative orbital systems.
</p>
</div>
<div class="tags">
<span>Symplectic</span>
<span>Energy behavior</span>
<span>Orbital dynamics</span>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</section>
<section id="systems" class="section split-section">
<div class="section-heading">
<p class="eyebrow">Simulation domains</p>
<h2>Projectile, two-body, three-body, and n-body examples</h2>
<p>
The examples start with simple trajectories and scale up to special
three-body solutions, restricted three-body cases, and multi-body
conservation checks.
</p>
</div>
<div class="system-list">
<article class="system-row">
<span class="system-index">01</span>
<div>
<h3>Projectile Motion</h3>
<p>Near-surface trajectory examples for method behavior in a compact setup.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article class="system-row">
<span class="system-index">02</span>
<div>
<h3>Two-Body Orbits</h3>
<p>Sun-Earth and Earth-Moon systems with energy and angular momentum diagnostics.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article class="system-row">
<span class="system-index">03</span>
<div>
<h3>Three-Body Systems</h3>
<p>General, restricted, and special solutions including figure-8 and Lagrange cases.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article class="system-row">
<span class="system-index">04</span>
<div>
<h3>N-Body Conservation</h3>
<p>Multi-body validation cases for long-run energy and angular momentum drift.</p>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</section>
<section id="results" class="section">
<div class="section-heading">
<p class="eyebrow">Generated analysis</p>
<h2>Results remain available as the full reproducible analysis site</h2>
<p>
The generated output is preserved under <code>analysis/generated/</code>,
including the narrative results page, dashboard, artifact browser, CSV
summaries, documentation, and example views.
</p>
</div>
<div class="feature-grid">
<article class="feature-card">
<img
src="images/analysis/convergence_rates.png"
alt="Convergence rate plot for the implemented numerical methods"
>
<div>
<h3>Convergence and Accuracy</h3>
<p>
Compare observed order, final position error, and runtime behavior
against a fine RK4 reference.
</p>
</div>
<div class="card-links">
<a href="analysis/generated/method_comparison_dashboard.html">Method Dashboard</a>
</div>
</article>
<article class="feature-card">
<img
src="images/three_body/special_solutions/three_earths.png"
alt="Figure-8 three-body choreography generated by the simulation suite"
>
<div>
<h3>Orbital Examples</h3>
<p>
Inspect generated two-body, three-body, restricted three-body, and
n-body plots alongside their source artifacts.
</p>
</div>
<div class="card-links">
<a href="analysis/generated/artifact_index.html">Artifact Browser</a>
</div>
</article>
</div>
</section>
<section id="package" class="section contact-section">
<div>
<p class="eyebrow">Package and source</p>
<h2>Install, inspect, or continue into the generated report</h2>
<p>
The project is implemented primarily in R, with static Pages output
generated from the solver code and analysis scripts.
</p>
</div>
<div class="contact-actions">
<a class="button primary" href="analysis/generated/index.html">Generated Results</a>
<a class="button" href="https://sidrichardsquantum.r-universe.dev/CelestialDynamicsIterationMethods" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">R-universe</a>
<a class="button" href="https://github.com/SidRichardsQuantum/Celestial_Dynamics_Iteration_Methods" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub Repo</a>
<a class="button" href="https://sidrichardsquantum.github.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Main Portfolio</a>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<footer class="site-footer">
<span>© 2026 Sid Richards</span>
<a href="#top">Back to top</a>
</footer>
</body>
</html>