Port `PauliEvolutionGate` to Rust

[Cryoris]

Summary

We should add the PauliEvolutionGate as native gate in Rust, such that (1) we can represent and build evolution circuits and PBC circuits via C and without Python and (2) have a more efficient PBC pipeline.

Details

As part of this we might consider normalizing the operator type of the PauliEvolutionGate to be the Rust-native SparseObservable (with some additional logic to remain backward compatible). If this turns out to be too invasive, we could turn towards implementing a Rust-native PauliRotationGate to unlock the PBC pipelines from C.

[aaryav-3]

Hi, I would like to be assigned. Thank you

[alexanderivrii]

@Cryoris, are we still planning to port the full PauliEvolutionGate to rust, or we are happy with the new PauliProductRotationGate?

[Cryoris]

Yeah we still want to expose this to C as concept, but for the fault-tolerance pipeline in C we don't need it anymore. The issue here is that the crates need restructuring to avoid cyclic dependencies.