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Adding spatially resolved CO2 removal by perennialization #2143

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@martavp

Same argument as in: #2140

Perennialization = conversion of annual crops into perennial systems that enhances carbon removal through continuous photosynthesis, deeper root systems, and reduced soil disturbance. Combined with green biorefinery, it also increases biogas potential.

Electricity input and biogas output associated with capturing 1 ton CO2 via perennialization, as well as costs, are already included in the technology-data repository

PyPSA/technology-data#255

Potential removal in every region can be estimated assuming that first-generation biofuel crops are no longer cultivated in Europe by 2050 and that perennial crops can fully replace the land previously allocated to these crops.
Also, assuming an emission reduction of 2 tCO2e/(ha·a), which corresponds to the replacement of maize with a grass-clover mixture

We have estimated the removal potential of perennialization in Europe as 43 MtCO2/a, with additional biogas production of 37 MWh/a

More details: https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25663

Perennialization can be modelled as a link that consumes electricity, produces biogas and removes CO2.

This is a description, and a PR will follow.

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