nginx.conf

# Production Nginx Configuration for Flask Portfolio
# Optimized for Waitress/Gunicorn with caching, compression, and security

# Upstream Flask application servers
upstream flask_portfolio {
    # Use Waitress on port 8000
    server 127.0.0.1:8000 fail_timeout=0;
    
    # For multiple workers (uncomment if needed):
    # server 127.0.0.1:8001 fail_timeout=0;
    # server 127.0.0.1:8002 fail_timeout=0;
}

# Rate limiting zones
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=general:10m rate=10r/s;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api:10m rate=5r/s;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=admin:10m rate=2r/s;

# Cache configuration
proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/portfolio levels=1:2 keys_zone=portfolio_cache:10m max_size=100m inactive=60m use_temp_path=off;

# HTTP -> HTTPS redirect
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    
    # ACME challenge for Let's Encrypt
    location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
        root /var/www/certbot;
    }
    
    # Redirect all HTTP to HTTPS
    location / {
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }
}

# HTTPS server
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    
    # SSL Configuration
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384';
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
    ssl_stapling on;
    ssl_stapling_verify on;
    
    # Security headers (CSP handled by Flask app)
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
    
    # Logging
    access_log /var/log/nginx/portfolio_access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/portfolio_error.log;
    
    # Client body size limit (for uploads)
    client_max_body_size 10M;
    
    # Timeouts
    proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
    proxy_send_timeout 60s;
    proxy_read_timeout 60s;
    
    # Root directory (not used, but good to have)
    root /var/www/portfolio;
    
    # Static files with aggressive caching
    location /static/ {
        alias /var/www/portfolio/static/;
        
        # Cache CSS/JS with versioning
        location ~* \.(css|js)$ {
            expires 1y;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
            access_log off;
        }
        
        # Cache images
        location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|svg|webp)$ {
            expires 1M;
            add_header Cache-Control "public";
            access_log off;
        }
        
        # Cache fonts
        location ~* \.(woff|woff2|ttf|otf|eot)$ {
            expires 1M;
            add_header Cache-Control "public";
            access_log off;
        }
        
        # Compression
        gzip on;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_types text/css application/javascript image/svg+xml;
        gzip_min_length 1024;
    }
    
    # Admin routes - rate limited
    location /admin/ {
        limit_req zone=admin burst=5 nodelay;
        
        proxy_pass http://flask_portfolio;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        
        # No caching for admin
        proxy_no_cache 1;
        proxy_cache_bypass 1;
    }
    
    # API routes - rate limited
    location /api/ {
        limit_req zone=api burst=10 nodelay;
        
        proxy_pass http://flask_portfolio;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        
        # Cache API responses briefly
        proxy_cache portfolio_cache;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 5m;
        proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
        add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
    }
    
    # CSP violation reporting endpoint
    location /csp-report {
        proxy_pass http://flask_portfolio;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        
        # No caching
        proxy_no_cache 1;
        proxy_cache_bypass 1;
    }
    
    # All other routes
    location / {
        limit_req zone=general burst=20 nodelay;
        
        proxy_pass http://flask_portfolio;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        
        # Cache public pages
        proxy_cache portfolio_cache;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
        proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
        proxy_cache_bypass $cookie_session;
        proxy_no_cache $cookie_session;
        add_header X-Cache-Status $upstream_cache_status;
        
        # Handle WebSocket upgrade (if needed for future features)
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
    }
    
    # Deny access to sensitive files
    location ~ /\. {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }
    
    location ~* (\.git|\.env|\.db|requirements\.txt|README\.md)$ {
        deny all;
        access_log off;
        log_not_found off;
    }
    
    # Health check endpoint (bypass rate limiting)
    location /health {
        proxy_pass http://flask_portfolio;
        access_log off;
    }
}