Skip to content

Commit b412499

Browse files
kootenay vignette: drop Peace vignette cross-references
Tighten narrative to what's happening in the Kootenay Lake Region itself. Remove explicit comparisons to the FWCP Peace vignette in the recent-decade table, snowpack headline, ASWS QA cross-check, snowpack interpretation, precipitation interpretation, snow interpretation, and salmonid-habitat closer. Also trim the Cordillera-wide background paragraph from a four-basin list to the Columbia-basin attribution that's load-bearing for the Kootenays. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
1 parent c74624a commit b412499

1 file changed

Lines changed: 33 additions & 58 deletions

File tree

vignettes/kootenay-lake.Rmd

Lines changed: 33 additions & 58 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -280,11 +280,10 @@ The recent decade was 1.6 to 1.8 °C warmer than the pre-warming
280280
reference for annual mean, daytime maximum, and overnight minimum,
281281
with both window and trend p-values below 0.001. Vapour pressure
282282
deficit is up significantly on both tests. Annual precipitation
283-
was about 6 to 7 % *lower* in the recent decade — and unlike the
284-
FWCP Peace just to the north, the long-term Mann-Kendall trend
285-
test does confirm a steady year-on-year decline (trend p ≈ 0.02).
286-
Soil moisture is roughly flat. Relative humidity shows a small
287-
significant decline.
283+
was about 6 to 7 % *lower* in the recent decade, and the long-term
284+
Mann-Kendall trend test confirms a steady year-on-year decline
285+
(trend p ≈ 0.02). Soil moisture is roughly flat. Relative humidity
286+
shows a small significant decline.
288287

289288
```{r compare-recipe, eval = FALSE}
290289
cmp <- cd::cd_compare(ts) # defaults: 2015–2025 vs 1951–1980, Welch t-test
@@ -407,27 +406,19 @@ sets the timing of the spring freshet — the annual flood pulse that
407406
shapes channel morphology, mobilizes spawning gravels, and refills
408407
off-channel rearing habitat for resident salmonids. Cordillera-wide,
409408
snowpack has been declining for decades [@mote_etal2018Dramaticdeclines;
410-
@pederson_etal2011UnusualNature]. For four BC river basins (Fraser,
411-
Peace, Columbia, Campbell), Najafi et al. [-@najafi_etal2017AttributionObserved]
412-
attribute observed spring SWE decline to anthropogenic forcing —
413-
including the Columbia basin, the parent system of the Kootenays.
414-
For the neighbouring Fraser, Kang et al.
415-
[-@kang_etal2016ImpactsRapidly] document a ~10-day advance of the
416-
spring freshet over 1949-2006.
417-
418-
**For the Kootenay Lake Region the snowpack signal is sharper than
419-
in northern BC reporting regions, in line with the Selkirks /
420-
Purcells sitting at warmer latitudes than Peace-region snow zones.**
409+
@pederson_etal2011UnusualNature]. Najafi et al. [-@najafi_etal2017AttributionObserved] attribute
410+
observed spring SWE decline in the Columbia basin — the parent
411+
system of the Kootenays — to anthropogenic forcing.
412+
413+
**The Kootenay Lake Region snowpack signal is sharp.**
421414
Annual snow water equivalent (SWE) is down **23%** (206 → 160 mm)
422415
since the 1951–1980 reference. Annual snowfall and annual snowmelt
423416
both fell about 15%, and the **snowmelt midpoint (DOY-50) shifted
424417
12.6 days earlier** in the year. Annual peak SWE — the seasonal
425-
maximum — dropped **92 mm** (-16%). And — distinct from the FWCP
426-
Peace where total precipitation is roughly stable — **annual
427-
precipitation in the Kootenay Lake Region has declined ~7%** since
428-
the reference period, with a long-term Mann-Kendall p of 0.02.
429-
Together this is a "warmer *and* drier" story rather than a
430-
"warmer-only" one.
418+
maximum — dropped **92 mm** (-16%). **Annual precipitation in the
419+
Kootenay Lake Region has declined ~7%** since the reference period,
420+
with a long-term Mann-Kendall p of 0.02. Together this is a
421+
"warmer *and* drier" story rather than a "warmer-only" one.
431422

432423
A few notes on how to read the snow numbers below.
433424

@@ -447,10 +438,9 @@ simplified snow layer in the underlying atmospheric model).
447438
Our QA cross-check for this region used three usable BC ASWS
448439
automated snow-pillow records inside the AOI (74 paired
449440
station-years 1972-2025). Pooled correlation between ERA5-Land
450-
peak SWE and station peak SWE is **r = 0.90** — meaningfully
451-
better than the FWCP Peace's 0.51, meaning the model tracks
452-
year-to-year variability well at these high-elevation Kootenay
453-
sites. But the absolute bias is large and uniformly negative:
441+
peak SWE and station peak SWE is **r = 0.90**, meaning the model
442+
tracks year-to-year variability well at these high-elevation
443+
Kootenay sites. But the absolute bias is large and uniformly negative:
454444
ERA5-Land is **40-63% too low** at Moyie Mountain (1835 m,
455445
Purcells alpine) and Redfish Creek (2100 m, Selkirks alpine),
456446
consistent with both stations sitting at high-snow microsites
@@ -585,12 +575,10 @@ cd::cd_plot_timeseries(ano, variable = "snowfall_fraction", period = "annual",
585575
Three findings carry the snowpack story for the Kootenay Lake Region.
586576

587577
**Snow is leaving *and* falling less.** Annual snowfall is down 15%
588-
(649 → 554 mm) — distinct from the FWCP Peace pattern just north,
589-
where the snowpack decline was almost entirely about earlier melt
590-
on roughly stable annual snowfall. The Kootenay Lake region is
591-
warm enough at the relevant elevations that the snow-vs-rain
592-
threshold is being crossed in the calendar — winter precipitation is
593-
falling more often as rain instead of snow. This matches the
578+
(649 → 554 mm). The Kootenay Lake region is warm enough at the
579+
relevant elevations that the snow-vs-rain threshold is being crossed
580+
in the calendar — winter precipitation is falling more often as rain
581+
instead of snow. This matches the
594582
threshold finding from Knowles et al.
595583
[-@knowles_etal2006TrendsSnowfall]: the strongest snowfall-fraction
596584
declines in the western US occur where winter wet-day minimum
@@ -1039,12 +1027,8 @@ mean temperatures all tell the same story. The whole region moved
10391027
together — there is no warming hot-spot at the ecoregion scale.
10401028

10411029
**Precipitation is declining and the decline is regionally
1042-
consistent.** This is the place where the Kootenay Lake Region
1043-
diverges sharpest from the FWCP Peace just north. The Peace
1044-
showed mostly-flat annual precipitation with significant
1045-
*increases* in two of its five ecoregions; the Kootenays show a
1046-
**~7% decline** in annual precipitation from the 1951-1980
1047-
reference to the 2015-2025 recent decade, with a long-term
1030+
consistent.** Annual precipitation dropped **~7%** from the
1031+
1951-1980 reference to the 2015-2025 recent decade, with a long-term
10481032
Mann-Kendall p of 0.02. Spatially the decline is consistent across
10491033
all four ecoregions of the AOI, so the pattern at the regional
10501034
average mirrors what each watershed group sees individually. All
@@ -1068,13 +1052,10 @@ keeps the topsoil layer roughly even, but the resulting
10681052
late-summer water deficit shows up in stream baseflow rather than
10691053
in soil-moisture statistics.
10701054

1071-
**Snow is leaving *and* falling less.** This is the second place
1072-
the Kootenays diverge from the FWCP Peace pattern. The Peace's
1073-
snowpack decline was almost entirely about earlier melt on
1074-
roughly stable annual snowfall. The Kootenays show **annual
1075-
snowfall down 15%** alongside the freshet shift — winter
1076-
precipitation is falling more often as rain instead of snow,
1077-
matching the threshold finding from Knowles et al.
1055+
**Snow is leaving *and* falling less.** Annual snowfall is
1056+
**down 15%** alongside the freshet shift — winter precipitation is
1057+
falling more often as rain instead of snow, matching the threshold
1058+
finding from Knowles et al.
10781059
[-@knowles_etal2006TrendsSnowfall] for sites with winter wet-day
10791060
minimum temperatures warmer than -5 °C. Annual snow water
10801061
equivalent (SWE) is down 23% (206 → 160 mm); summer SWE has
@@ -1097,19 +1078,13 @@ lose substantially more thermal habitat than warm-water species
10971078
under the same forcing. Both findings carry directly into the BC
10981079
interior cold-water cohort the Kootenay Lake Region supports. The evapotranspiration
10991080
imbalance means low-flow conditions in late summer are not being
1100-
relieved (precipitation is falling, not rising as in the Peace);
1101-
the cold-water input that high-elevation snowpack provides to
1102-
streams during the warmest, most thermally stressful weeks of
1103-
summer is dropping in parallel with summer SWE; and the spring
1104-
freshet — the dominant high-flow event that shapes channel
1105-
morphology, mobilizes spawning gravels, and refills off-channel
1106-
rearing habitat — is shifting weeks earlier. The neighbouring
1107-
Fraser Basin shows the same shift —
1108-
@kang_etal2016ImpactsRapidly documented a ~10-day advance in the
1109-
spring freshet at Hope between 1949 and 2006, with persistent
1110-
declines through autumn recession just when salmon are migrating
1111-
up the Fraser. Lower
1112-
Columbia River reaches below Hugh Keenleyside Dam are
1081+
relieved by precipitation; the cold-water input that high-elevation
1082+
snowpack provides to streams during the warmest, most thermally
1083+
stressful weeks of summer is dropping in parallel with summer SWE;
1084+
and the spring freshet — the dominant high-flow event that shapes
1085+
channel morphology, mobilizes spawning gravels, and refills
1086+
off-channel rearing habitat — is shifting weeks earlier.
1087+
Lower Columbia River reaches below Hugh Keenleyside Dam are
11131088
dam-fragmented and not anadromous, so the ecological framing is
11141089
about resident salmonids and their habitat rather than salmon
11151090
migrations.

0 commit comments

Comments
 (0)