Fix merge conflict in README by removing duplicate badge entries

Author: MishkatIT

README.md

@@ -2,13 +2,8 @@
 
 # 🏆 Problem Solving Statistics
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 [![Last Updated](https://img.shields.io/badge/Last%20Updated-15%20January%202026-blue?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/MishkatIT/ProblemSolvingStats)
 [![Total Problems](https://img.shields.io/badge/Total%20Solved-3815-success?style=for-the-badge&logo=leetcode)](https://github.com/MishkatIT/ProblemSolvingStats)
-=======
-[![Last Updated](https://img.shields.io/badge/Last%20Updated-15%20January%202026-blue?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/MishkatIT/ProblemSolvingStats)
-[![Total Problems](https://img.shields.io/badge/Total%20Solved-3815-success?style=for-the-badge&logo=leetcode)](https://github.com/MishkatIT/ProblemSolvingStats)
->>>>>>> bf6da62646e638895343209e47afaaa8cfb001ba
 [![Platforms](https://img.shields.io/badge/Platforms-12-orange?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/MishkatIT/ProblemSolvingStats)
 
 <!-- UPDATE_METADATA_START -->