Add CI tests for the installation script

[Karolina-Bogacka]

Currently, the installation script was only tested through installations on local machines. To make sure the script works as intended, we should test the installation for different operating system/ processor architecture combinations in the CI (at leas including those supported in the release and one unsupported combination).

We should also test all scenarios supported by the script at the time of writing (including upgrades, uninstallation, etc).