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Components Required

Smart Waste Segregation System

This document lists the hardware components required to build the Smart Waste Segregation System using ESP8266.

1. Microcontroller

  • 1 × ESP8266 NodeMCU

Purpose
Acts as the main controller of the system. It reads sensor data and controls the stepper motor to direct waste into the correct bin.

2. Waste Detection Sensors

Metal Detection

  • 1 × Inductive Metal Proximity Sensor

Purpose
Detects metallic objects such as aluminum cans or steel waste.

Wet / Dry Detection

  • 1 × Soil Moisture Sensor Module

Purpose
Measures moisture content in the waste to determine whether it is wet or dry.

Wet waste examples
Food scraps, organic waste

Dry waste examples
Paper, plastic, cardboard

3. Bin Switching Mechanism

  • 1 × Stepper Motor (28BYJ-48 or NEMA17)
  • 1 × Stepper Motor Driver (ULN2003 or A4988)

Purpose
Rotates or switches the waste container position so the detected waste falls into the correct bin.

4. Waste Detection Trigger Sensor

Choose one:

  • 1 × IR Obstacle Sensor

or

  • 1 × Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

Purpose
Detects when waste is placed into the system and triggers the classification process.

5. Indicators

  • 1 × Green LED
  • 1 × Yellow LED
  • 1 × Red LED
  • 1 × Buzzer

Purpose

Green → Dry waste
Yellow → Wet waste
Red → Metal waste
Buzzer → System feedback

6. Power Supply

Option A

  • 1 × 5V 2A Power Adapter

Option B

  • 1 × 18650 Li-ion Battery
  • 1 × TP4056 Charging Module
  • 1 × 5V Boost Converter

Purpose
Provides stable power to the ESP8266, sensors, and motor system.

7. Structural Components

  • Waste funnel or intake slot
  • Rotating bin holder
  • 3 separate waste bins
  • Stepper motor mounting bracket
  • Frame or enclosure

Purpose
Supports the mechanical structure of the system.

8. Basic Electronics

  • Breadboard or PCB
  • Jumper wires
  • Resistors (220Ω, 1kΩ)
  • Diodes (1N4007)
  • Capacitors (100µF)

Purpose
Used for circuit connections and electrical stability. (Basically to control Voltage Spikes)

Component Summary

Category Components
Controller ESP8266 NodeMCU
Sensors Inductive Metal Sensor, Moisture Sensor
Trigger Sensor IR Sensor or Ultrasonic Sensor
Actuators Stepper Motor
Drivers ULN2003 / A4988
Output LEDs, Buzzer
Power Adapter or Battery System
Structure Frame, bins, funnel

Notes

Ensure that the stepper motor driver is correctly powered and that the ESP8266 ground is shared with the motor driver and sensors for proper operation.