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Local fields: ramification polygon and higher-ramification (Herbrand) data #64

Description

@CBirkbeck

Goal

Define the higher ramification filtration of a p-adic field extension and the LMFDB ramification data: ramification breaks/slopes, the Herbrand function ψ_{L/K}/φ_{L/K}, and the ramification polygon (the Newton polygon of the ramification polynomial of an Eisenstein uniformiser).

What already exists

  • mathlib: Padic, valuations, Eisenstein polynomials (Polynomial.IsEisensteinAt), Newton polygon (Polynomial.newtonPolygon?). Higher ramification groups may be partially present — confirm.

What's missing

  • Lower/upper-numbering ramification groups G_i/G^u, the Herbrand functions ψ, φ and G^{φ(i)} = G_i, ramification breaks, and the ramification polygon of L/K.

Test cases

  • Tamely ramified: a single break at 0. ℚ_2(√2), ℚ_p(ζ_{p^2}): explicit breaks / Herbrand function.

LMFDB targets

New area, not yet in the Verso blueprint — links go to the LMFDB knowls.

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    level: advancedSubstantial mathematics or API to buildlocal-fieldsp-adic / local field invariantslong-termMajor / research-level; expect substantial prerequisites

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