pypi.yml

name: Build And Publish RayD Distributions

on:
  release:
    types: [published]
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      scope:
        description: Manual validation scope
        required: true
        default: full
        type: choice
        options:
          - full
          - windows-torch-smoke

concurrency:
  group: distributions-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.sha || github.event_name }}
  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name != 'release' }}

permissions:
  contents: read

env:
  RAYD_CUDA_GENCODE_ARCHES: "70,75,80,86,87,89,90,100,101,120"
  RAYD_CUDA_PTX_ARCH: "120"
  TORCH_CUDA_ARCH_LIST: "7.0;7.5;8.0;8.6;8.7;8.9;9.0;10.0;10.1;12.0+PTX"

jobs:
  metadata:
    name: Packaging metadata / py${{ matrix.python-version }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      - run: python -m pip install "tomli>=2; python_version < '3.11'"
      - name: Validate published release tag
        if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
        env:
          RAYD_RELEASE_TAG: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}
        run: python scripts/validate_release_tag.py --tag "$RAYD_RELEASE_TAG" --pyproject pyproject.toml
      - name: Validate package and release metadata
        shell: bash
        run: |
          python -m unittest \
            tests.packaging.test_project_metadata \
            tests.packaging.test_release_metadata \
            tests.governance.test_gpu_ci_contract \
            tests.governance.test_drjit_project_metadata \
            tests.governance.test_verify_cuda_binary_arches_jit \
            tests.test_rt_host_compile \
            tests.packaging.test_torch_project_metadata \
            -v

  build-drjit-linux:
    name: rayd-drjit / manylinux_2_28 / py${{ matrix.python-version }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    timeout-minutes: 120
    needs: metadata
    if: inputs.scope != 'windows-torch-smoke'
    env:
      SCCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/rayd-sccache
      SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: 1G
      SCCACHE_IGNORE_SERVER_IO_ERROR: "1"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
          - {python-version: "3.10", cibw-build: "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.11", cibw-build: "cp311-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.12", cibw-build: "cp312-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.13", cibw-build: "cp313-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.14", cibw-build: "cp314-manylinux_x86_64"}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"
          cache: pip
      - name: Install sccache
        uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.10
        with:
          version: "v0.11.0"
      - name: Restore compiler and cibuildwheel caches
        uses: actions/cache@v5
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/rayd-sccache
            ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/cibuildwheel
          key: rayd-sccache-v2-full-linux-drjit-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
          restore-keys: |
            rayd-sccache-v2-full-linux-drjit-
      - name: Expose sccache to manylinux
        shell: bash
        run: |
          mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.cache/sccache-bin"
          cp "$(command -v sccache)" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.cache/sccache-bin/sccache"
      - name: Free disk space
        shell: bash
        run: |
          sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet /opt/ghc /usr/local/lib/android \
            /usr/local/share/boost /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
            /usr/local/share/powershell /usr/share/swift || true
          sudo docker image prune --all --force || true
      - name: Build and repair Dr.Jit wheels
        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.0
        env:
          CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.cibw-build }}
          CIBW_SKIP: "*-musllinux_*"
          CIBW_CACHE_PATH: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/cibuildwheel
          CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux_2_28
          CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: "1"
          CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX: >-
            dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core gcc-toolset-12 &&
            rpm --import https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/x86_64/D42D0685.pub &&
            dnf config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/x86_64/cuda-rhel8.repo &&
            dnf clean expire-cache &&
            dnf install -y
            cuda-compiler-12-8
            cuda-cudart-devel-12-8
            cuda-cuobjdump-12-8 &&
            ln -sfn /usr/local/cuda-12.8 /usr/local/cuda &&
            /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc --version
          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: >-
            CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDA_PATH=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDA_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDA_BIN_PATH=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDACXX=/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc
            RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT=/host${{ github.workspace }}/.cache
            RAYD_CUDA_GENCODE_ARCHES=70,75,80,86,87,89,90,100,101,120
            RAYD_CUDA_PTX_ARCH=120
            RAYD_NVCC_LAUNCHER=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache
            PIP_CONSTRAINT=/project/.github/constraints/drjit-build.txt
            CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=4
            CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache
            CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache
            SCCACHE_DIR=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/rayd-sccache
            SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE=1G
            SCCACHE_BASEDIRS=/project
            SCCACHE_IGNORE_SERVER_IO_ERROR=1
            SKBUILD_BUILD_DIR=/project/artifacts/skbuild
            CC=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/root/usr/bin/gcc
            CXX=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/root/usr/bin/g++
            CUDAHOSTCXX=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/root/usr/bin/g++
            PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH
            LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
          CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >-
            python -I {project}/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py installed drjit &&
            python -m pip uninstall -y rayd-drjit &&
            python -I {project}/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py absent drjit
          CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: "drjit==1.3.1"
          CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX: >-
            auditwheel repair --plat manylinux_2_28_x86_64
            --exclude libcuda.so.1
            --exclude libnvoptix.so.1
            --exclude libdrjit-core.so
            --exclude libdrjit-extra.so
            --exclude libnanothread.so
            -w {dest_dir} {wheel} &&
            python /project/drjit/scripts/verify_cuda_binary_arches.py
            --stem _C {dest_dir}/*.whl &&
            $RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache --show-stats &&
            chown -R --reference=/host${{ github.workspace }}
            $RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/rayd-sccache
        with:
          package-dir: drjit
          output-dir: dist/drjit
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-drjit-linux-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
          path: dist/drjit/*.whl
          if-no-files-found: error

  build-torch-linux:
    name: rayd-torch / manylinux_2_28 / py${{ matrix.python-version }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    timeout-minutes: 180
    needs: metadata
    if: inputs.scope != 'windows-torch-smoke'
    env:
      SCCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/rayd-sccache
      SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: 1G
      SCCACHE_IGNORE_SERVER_IO_ERROR: "1"
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
          - {python-version: "3.10", cibw-build: "cp310-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.11", cibw-build: "cp311-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.12", cibw-build: "cp312-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.13", cibw-build: "cp313-manylinux_x86_64"}
          - {python-version: "3.14", cibw-build: "cp314-manylinux_x86_64"}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - name: Check out OptiX 8.1 headers
        uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          repository: NVIDIA/optix-dev
          ref: v8.1.0
          path: .optix
          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"
          cache: pip
      - name: Install sccache
        uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.10
        with:
          version: "v0.11.0"
      - name: Restore compiler and cibuildwheel caches
        uses: actions/cache@v5
        with:
          path: |
            ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/rayd-sccache
            ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/cibuildwheel
          key: rayd-sccache-v2-full-linux-torch-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
          restore-keys: |
            rayd-sccache-v2-full-linux-torch-
      - name: Expose sccache to manylinux
        shell: bash
        run: |
          mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.cache/sccache-bin"
          cp "$(command -v sccache)" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/.cache/sccache-bin/sccache"
      - name: Free disk space
        shell: bash
        run: |
          sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet /opt/ghc /usr/local/lib/android \
            /usr/local/share/boost /opt/hostedtoolcache/CodeQL \
            /usr/local/share/powershell /usr/share/swift || true
          sudo docker image prune --all --force || true
      - name: Build and repair Torch wheels
        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v3.3.0
        env:
          CIBW_BUILD: ${{ matrix.cibw-build }}
          CIBW_SKIP: "*-musllinux_*"
          CIBW_CACHE_PATH: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/cibuildwheel
          CIBW_MANYLINUX_X86_64_IMAGE: manylinux_2_28
          CIBW_BUILD_VERBOSITY: "1"
          CIBW_BEFORE_ALL_LINUX: >-
            dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core gcc-toolset-12 &&
            rpm --import https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/x86_64/D42D0685.pub &&
            dnf config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/x86_64/cuda-rhel8.repo &&
            dnf clean expire-cache &&
            dnf install -y
            cuda-compiler-12-8
            cuda-cudart-devel-12-8
            cuda-cuobjdump-12-8
            cuda-driver-devel-12-8
            cuda-nvrtc-devel-12-8
            libcublas-devel-12-8
            libcusparse-devel-12-8
            libcusolver-devel-12-8 &&
            ln -sfn /usr/local/cuda-12.8 /usr/local/cuda &&
            /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc --version
          CIBW_ENVIRONMENT_LINUX: >-
            CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDA_PATH=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDA_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDA_BIN_PATH=/usr/local/cuda
            CUDACXX=/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc
            OPTIX_INCLUDE_DIR=/project/.optix/include
            RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT=/host${{ github.workspace }}/.cache
            CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="70-real;75-real;80-real;86-real;87-real;89-real;90-real;100-real;101-real;120-real;120-virtual"
            TORCH_CUDA_ARCH_LIST="7.0;7.5;8.0;8.6;8.7;8.9;9.0;10.0;10.1;12.0+PTX"
            CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=2
            CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS=--threads=2
            CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache
            CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache
            CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache
            SCCACHE_DIR=$RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/rayd-sccache
            SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE=1G
            SCCACHE_BASEDIRS=/project
            SCCACHE_IGNORE_SERVER_IO_ERROR=1
            SKBUILD_BUILD_DIR=/project/artifacts/skbuild
            PIP_CONSTRAINT=/project/.github/constraints/torch-build.txt
            PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL=https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128
            CC=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/root/usr/bin/gcc
            CXX=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/root/usr/bin/g++
            CUDAHOSTCXX=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-12/root/usr/bin/g++
            PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH
            LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
          CIBW_TEST_COMMAND: >-
            python -I {project}/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py installed torch &&
            python -m pip uninstall -y rayd-torch &&
            python -I {project}/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py absent torch
          CIBW_TEST_REQUIRES: "torch==2.10.0"
          CIBW_REPAIR_WHEEL_COMMAND_LINUX: >-
            auditwheel repair --plat manylinux_2_28_x86_64
            --exclude libcuda.so.1
            --exclude libnvoptix.so.1
            --exclude libcudart.so.12
            --exclude libc10.so
            --exclude libc10_cuda.so
            --exclude libtorch.so
            --exclude libtorch_cpu.so
            --exclude libtorch_cuda.so
            --exclude libtorch_python.so
            --exclude libtorch_global_deps.so
            -w {dest_dir} {wheel} &&
            python /project/drjit/scripts/verify_cuda_binary_arches.py
            --stem _legacy_ops --stem _stable_ops {dest_dir}/*.whl &&
            python /project/torch/scripts/verify_stable_abi.py
            --source-root /project/src {dest_dir}/*.whl &&
            python /project/torch/scripts/verify_driver_independence.py
            {dest_dir}/*.whl &&
            $RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/sccache-bin/sccache --show-stats &&
            chown -R --reference=/host${{ github.workspace }}
            $RAYD_SCCACHE_ROOT/rayd-sccache
        with:
          package-dir: torch
          output-dir: dist/torch
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-torch-linux-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
          path: dist/torch/*.whl
          if-no-files-found: error

  build-windows-wheels:
    name: rayd-${{ matrix.backend }} / Windows / py${{ matrix.python-version }}
    runs-on: windows-2022
    timeout-minutes: 180
    needs: metadata
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        backend: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.scope == 'windows-torch-smoke' && '["torch"]' || '["drjit","torch"]') }}
        python-version: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.scope == 'windows-torch-smoke' && '["3.10"]' || '["3.10","3.11","3.12","3.13","3.14"]') }}
    env:
      CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES: "70-real;75-real;80-real;86-real;87-real;89-real;90-real;100-real;101-real;120-real;120-virtual"
      CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL: ${{ matrix.backend == 'torch' && '2' || '4' }}
      RAYD_TORCH_CUDA_GENCODE_FLAGS: >-
        --generate-code=arch=compute_70,code=[sm_70,sm_75]
        --generate-code=arch=compute_80,code=[sm_80,sm_86,sm_87,sm_89]
        --generate-code=arch=compute_90,code=sm_90
        --generate-code=arch=compute_100,code=[sm_100,sm_101]
        --generate-code=arch=compute_120,code=[sm_120,compute_120]
      CMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER: sccache
      CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER: sccache
      # Windows sccache 0.11 loses secondary cubin files from grouped CUDA
      # gencode calls. Keep C/C++ caching and Dr.Jit's single-output nvcc shim,
      # but run Torch CMake CUDA commands directly.
      CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER_LAUNCHER: ""
      RAYD_NVCC_LAUNCHER: sccache
      SCCACHE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/rayd-sccache
      SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: 1G
      SCCACHE_BASEDIRS: ${{ github.workspace }}
      SCCACHE_IGNORE_SERVER_IO_ERROR: "1"
      OPTIX_INCLUDE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}\.optix\include
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - name: Check out OptiX 8.1 headers
        if: matrix.backend == 'torch'
        uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          repository: NVIDIA/optix-dev
          ref: v8.1.0
          path: .optix
          persist-credentials: false
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
          cache: pip
      - name: Install sccache
        uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.10
        with:
          version: "v0.11.0"
      - name: Restore compiler cache
        uses: actions/cache@v5
        with:
          path: ${{ github.workspace }}/.cache/rayd-sccache
          key: rayd-sccache-v2-full-windows-${{ matrix.backend }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha }}
          restore-keys: |
            rayd-sccache-v2-full-windows-${{ matrix.backend }}-
      - name: Install CUDA Toolkit 12.8
        uses: Jimver/cuda-toolkit@v0.2.35
        with:
          cuda: "12.8.1"
          method: local
          sub-packages: >-
            ${{ matrix.backend == 'torch'
            && '["nvcc", "cudart", "cuobjdump", "visual_studio_integration", "cublas", "cublas_dev", "cusparse", "cusparse_dev", "cusolver", "cusolver_dev"]'
            || '["nvcc", "cudart", "cuobjdump", "visual_studio_integration"]' }}
          log-file-suffix: "${{ matrix.backend }}-windows-py${{ matrix.python-version }}"
      - name: Set up MSVC
        uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
        with:
          arch: x64
      - name: Export CUDA paths
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          $cudaRoot = $env:CUDA_PATH
          if (-not $cudaRoot) {
            $nvcc = (Get-Command nvcc -ErrorAction Stop).Source
            $cudaRoot = Split-Path (Split-Path $nvcc -Parent) -Parent
          }
          "CUDA_HOME=$cudaRoot" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
          "CUDA_PATH=$cudaRoot" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
          "CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Install Dr.Jit build dependencies
        if: matrix.backend == 'drjit'
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip build twine "scikit-build-core>=0.10" "cmake>=3.22" ninja
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m pip install --constraint .github/constraints/drjit-build.txt "nanobind==2.11.0" "drjit==1.3.1"
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
      - name: Install Torch build dependencies
        if: matrix.backend == 'torch'
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip build twine "scikit-build-core>=0.10" "cmake>=3.26" ninja
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m pip install --constraint .github/constraints/torch-build.txt torch `
            --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
      - name: Build Dr.Jit wheel
        if: matrix.backend == 'drjit'
        working-directory: drjit
        run: >-
          python -m build --wheel --no-isolation --outdir ../dist/drjit
          -Cbuild-dir=artifacts/skbuild
      - name: Build Torch wheel
        if: matrix.backend == 'torch'
        working-directory: torch
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          $startedAt = Get-Date
          python -m build --wheel --no-isolation --outdir ../dist/torch `
            -Cbuild-dir=artifacts/skbuild
          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
            exit $LASTEXITCODE
          }
          $elapsedMinutes = ((Get-Date) - $startedAt).TotalMinutes
          "Windows Torch full wheel build: {0:N2} minutes" -f $elapsedMinutes
          if ($elapsedMinutes -ge 60) {
            throw "Windows Torch full wheel build exceeded the 60-minute release limit."
          }
      - name: Verify Dr.Jit wheel
        if: matrix.backend == 'drjit'
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          $wheel = (Get-ChildItem dist/drjit/*.whl).FullName
          python drjit/scripts/verify_cuda_binary_arches.py --stem _C $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m twine check $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
      - name: Verify Torch wheel
        if: matrix.backend == 'torch'
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          $wheel = (Get-ChildItem dist/torch/*.whl).FullName
          python drjit/scripts/verify_cuda_binary_arches.py --stem _legacy_ops --stem _stable_ops $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python torch/scripts/verify_stable_abi.py --source-root src $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python torch/scripts/verify_driver_independence.py $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m twine check $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
      - name: Validate wheel install and uninstall lifecycle
        shell: pwsh
        working-directory: ${{ runner.temp }}
        run: |
          $backend = "${{ matrix.backend }}"
          $wheel = (Get-ChildItem "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/$backend/*.whl").FullName
          python -m pip install --no-deps --force-reinstall $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          if ($backend -eq "drjit") {
            $disabledLlvm = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "rayd-drjit-disabled-llvm-does-not-exist.dll"
            if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $disabledLlvm) {
              throw "Expected the Dr.Jit LLVM isolation path to be absent: $disabledLlvm"
            }
            $env:DRJIT_LIBLLVM_PATH = $disabledLlvm
          }
          python -I "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py" installed $backend
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE
          if ($backend -eq "drjit") {
            Remove-Item Env:DRJIT_LIBLLVM_PATH
          }
          if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m pip uninstall -y "rayd-$backend"
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -I "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py" absent $backend
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-${{ matrix.backend }}-windows-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
          path: dist/${{ matrix.backend }}/*.whl
          if-no-files-found: error

  test-torch-full-wheel-compatibility:
    name: Full wheel / ${{ matrix.os }} / py${{ matrix.python-version }} / torch2.10
    needs: [build-torch-linux, build-windows-wheels]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        include:
          - {os: "ubuntu-22.04", python-version: "3.10", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-linux-py3.10"}
          - {os: "ubuntu-22.04", python-version: "3.11", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-linux-py3.11"}
          - {os: "ubuntu-22.04", python-version: "3.12", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-linux-py3.12"}
          - {os: "ubuntu-22.04", python-version: "3.13", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-linux-py3.13"}
          - {os: "ubuntu-22.04", python-version: "3.14", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-linux-py3.14"}
          - {os: "windows-2022", python-version: "3.10", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-windows-py3.10"}
          - {os: "windows-2022", python-version: "3.11", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-windows-py3.11"}
          - {os: "windows-2022", python-version: "3.12", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-windows-py3.12"}
          - {os: "windows-2022", python-version: "3.13", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-windows-py3.13"}
          - {os: "windows-2022", python-version: "3.14", artifact: "release-rayd-torch-windows-py3.14"}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: ${{ matrix.artifact }}
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/wheel-artifact
      - name: Validate full wheel with Torch 2.10
        shell: pwsh
        working-directory: ${{ runner.temp }}
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m pip install --no-cache-dir torch==2.10.0 `
            --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          $artifactDir = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "wheel-artifact"
          $wheels = @(Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $artifactDir -Filter "*.whl")
          if ($wheels.Count -ne 1) {
            throw "Expected exactly one RayD Torch wheel in $artifactDir; found $($wheels.Count)."
          }
          $wheel = $wheels[0].FullName
          python -m pip install --no-deps --force-reinstall $wheel
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m pip check
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -I "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py" installed torch
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -m pip uninstall -y rayd-torch
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }
          python -I "$env:GITHUB_WORKSPACE/tests/packaging/wheel_lifecycle_smoke.py" absent torch
          $nativeExit=$LASTEXITCODE; if ($nativeExit -ne 0) { exit $nativeExit }

  test-stable-torch-abi:
    name: Stable ABI / ${{ matrix.os }} / py${{ matrix.compatibility.python-version }} / torch${{ matrix.compatibility.torch-version }}
    needs: [build-torch-linux, build-windows-wheels]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-2022]
        compatibility:
          - {python-version: "3.10", torch-version: "2.10.0", cuda-index: "cu128"}
          - {python-version: "3.11", torch-version: "2.10.0", cuda-index: "cu128"}
          - {python-version: "3.12", torch-version: "2.10.0", cuda-index: "cu128"}
          - {python-version: "3.13", torch-version: "2.10.0", cuda-index: "cu128"}
          - {python-version: "3.14", torch-version: "2.10.0", cuda-index: "cu128"}
          - {python-version: "3.14", torch-version: "2.11.0", cuda-index: "cu128"}
          - {python-version: "3.14", torch-version: "2.12.0", cuda-index: "cu126"}
          - {python-version: "3.14", torch-version: "2.13.0", cuda-index: "cu126"}

    steps:
      - name: Set up compatibility Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.compatibility.python-version }}

      - name: Download Linux Torch wheels
        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-torch-linux-py3.10
          path: wheel-artifact

      - name: Download Windows Torch wheel
        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-torch-windows-py3.10
          path: wheel-artifact

      - name: Install compatibility Torch
        shell: bash
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
          python -m pip install --no-cache-dir "torch==${{ matrix.compatibility.torch-version }}" \
            --index-url "https://download.pytorch.org/whl/${{ matrix.compatibility.cuda-index }}"

      - name: Load the same Stable ABI library
        shell: bash
        env:
          EXPECTED_TORCH: ${{ matrix.compatibility.torch-version }}
        run: |
          python - <<'PY'
          import os
          import zipfile
          from pathlib import Path

          import torch

          assert torch.__version__.split("+", 1)[0] == os.environ["EXPECTED_TORCH"]
          wheels = sorted(Path("wheel-artifact").glob("*.whl"))
          assert wheels, "RayD Torch wheel artifact is missing"
          with zipfile.ZipFile(wheels[0]) as archive:
              members = [
                  name
                  for name in archive.namelist()
                  if Path(name).name.startswith("_stable_ops")
                  and Path(name).suffix in {".dll", ".so"}
              ]
              assert len(members) == 1, members
              archive.extract(members[0], "stable-library")
          library = Path("stable-library") / members[0]
          torch.ops.load_library(str(library.resolve()))
          assert torch.ops.rayd_torch_stable.camera_sample_to_world is not None
          assert torch.ops.rayd_torch_stable.intersection_valid is not None
          print(f"Loaded {library.name} with torch {torch.__version__}")
          PY

  build-meta:
    name: rayd meta wheel and sdist
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    needs: metadata
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"
      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip build twine "setuptools>=77"
      - run: python -m build --wheel --sdist --no-isolation --outdir dist/meta
      - run: python -m twine check dist/meta/*
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-meta
          path: dist/meta/*
          if-no-files-found: error

  validate-wheel-set:
    name: Validate complete release artifact set
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    needs:
      - build-drjit-linux
      - build-torch-linux
      - build-windows-wheels
      - test-torch-full-wheel-compatibility
      - test-stable-torch-abi
      - build-meta
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: dist
          pattern: release-rayd-*
          merge-multiple: true
      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip twine
      - name: Install representative wheel runtime dependencies
        run: |
          python -m pip install --constraint .github/constraints/drjit-build.txt "drjit==1.3.1"
          python -m pip install --constraint .github/constraints/torch-build.txt torch --no-cache-dir \
            --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu128
      - name: Validate wheel tags and artifact counts
        env:
          RAYD_RELEASE_DIST_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/dist
        run: python -m unittest tests.packaging.test_release_artifact_matrix -v
      - name: Validate representative wheel layout
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
          mapfile -t meta_wheels < <(find dist -maxdepth 1 -name 'rayd-*-none-any.whl' -print)
          mapfile -t drjit_wheels < <(find dist -maxdepth 1 -name 'rayd_drjit-*-cp312-cp312-*manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl' -print)
          mapfile -t torch_wheels < <(find dist -maxdepth 1 -name 'rayd_torch-*-cp312-cp312-*manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl' -print)
          if [[ ${#meta_wheels[@]} -ne 1 || ${#drjit_wheels[@]} -ne 1 || ${#torch_wheels[@]} -ne 1 ]]; then
            printf 'Expected exactly one representative wheel per distribution; meta=%s drjit=%s torch=%s\n' \
              "${#meta_wheels[@]}" "${#drjit_wheels[@]}" "${#torch_wheels[@]}" >&2
            exit 1
          fi
          meta_wheel="${meta_wheels[0]}"
          drjit_wheel="${drjit_wheels[0]}"
          torch_wheel="${torch_wheels[0]}"
          if [[ -z "$meta_wheel" || -z "$drjit_wheel" || -z "$torch_wheel" ]]; then
            echo "Representative wheel selection produced an empty path." >&2
            exit 1
          fi
          {
            echo "RAYD_META_WHEEL=$meta_wheel"
            echo "RAYD_DRJIT_WHEEL=$drjit_wheel"
            echo "RAYD_TORCH_WHEEL=$torch_wheel"
          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - run: >-
          python -m unittest
          tests.packaging.test_wheel_layout
          tests.packaging.test_wheel_install_matrix
          -v
      - run: python -m twine check dist/*

  publish-drjit:
    name: Publish rayd-drjit to PyPI
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    needs: validate-wheel-set
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment:
      name: pypi-rayd-drjit
      url: https://pypi.org/p/rayd-drjit
    permissions:
      contents: read
      id-token: write
    steps:
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: dist
          pattern: release-rayd-drjit-*
          merge-multiple: true
      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
        with:
          packages-dir: dist
          verbose: true

  publish-torch:
    name: Publish rayd-torch to PyPI
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    needs: validate-wheel-set
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment:
      name: pypi-rayd-torch
      url: https://pypi.org/p/rayd-torch
    permissions:
      contents: read
      id-token: write
    steps:
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: dist
          pattern: release-rayd-torch-*
          merge-multiple: true
      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
        with:
          packages-dir: dist
          verbose: true

  publish-rayd:
    name: Publish rayd meta distribution to PyPI
    if: github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.action == 'published'
    needs: [build-meta, publish-drjit, publish-torch]
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment:
      name: pypi
      url: https://pypi.org/p/rayd
    permissions:
      contents: read
      id-token: write
    steps:
      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: release-rayd-meta
          path: dist
      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
        with:
          packages-dir: dist
          verbose: true