convert.cpp

/*
╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║                          SMART DATA CONVERTER v2.0                            ║
║                           CONVERSION FUNCTIONS MODULE                          ║
╠════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║                                                                                ║
║  📋 PURPOSE: Core conversion functions and user interface components           ║
║              for data unit conversion and number system conversion             ║
║                                                                                ║
║  🔧 FEATURES:                                                                  ║
║      • Professional menu display functions                                    ║
║      • Decimal to Binary conversion algorithm                                 ║
║      • Binary to Decimal conversion with validation                           ║
║      • Data unit conversion (Bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB)         ║
║      • Custom power calculation for unit conversions                          ║
║      • Error handling and user input validation                               ║
║                                                                                ║
║  📁 FILE: convert.cpp                                                          ║
║  🔗 HEADER: convert.h                                                          ║
║  👨‍💻 AUTHOR: Amr Saadawy                                                       ║
║  📧 CONTACT: amr.sa3dwy.53a51a343@linkedin.com                               ║
║  🌐 GITHUB: github.com/Amr4924                                               ║
║  📱 TIKTOK: @3mr675                                                           ║
║                                                                                ║
║  📅 CREATED: 2025                                                             ║
║  🔄 VERSION: 2.0                                                              ║
║  📜 LICENSE: Open Source                                                       ║
║                                                                                ║
╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
*/

#include "convert.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//                            UTILITY FUNCTIONS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

/*
 * FUNCTION: list()
 * PURPOSE: Display vector elements in a formatted list
 * PARAMETERS: vector<string> lis - List of strings to display
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Iterates through vector and prints each element on a new line
 */
void list(vector<string> lis)
{
	for (auto& valu : lis)  // Range-based loop for efficient iteration
	{
		cout << valu << endl;  // Display each menu item
	}
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//                            MENU DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

/*
 * FUNCTION: welcome()
 * PURPOSE: Display main welcome screen and primary menu options
 * PARAMETERS: None
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Shows application title, description, and main menu with 
 *              professional styling and user-friendly interface
 */
void welcome()
{
	// Main menu options for primary functionality
	vector<string> Menu =
	{
		"| >>>> [1] Convert decimal and binary numbers.          |",
		"| >>>> [2] Unit conversion.                             |",
	};
	
	// Professional welcome header with application branding
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|            Welcome to SmartDataConverter              |" << endl;
	cout << "|_______________________________________________________|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "| >> SmartDataConverter helps you convert data units  <<|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "|  >> Convert between storage units (KB, MB, GB...).    |" << endl;
	cout << "|  >> Transform decimal numbers to binary format.       |" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "| >> Fast, accurate, and professional conversion tool <<|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "|_______________________________________________________|" << endl;
	cout << "|                        Menu                           |" << endl;
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	list(Menu);  // Display main menu options
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "|_______________________________________________________|" << endl;
	cout << " ......>> Please select an option <<......" << endl;
	cout << ">:";
}

/*
 * FUNCTION: Menu()
 * PURPOSE: Display generic menu with custom options
 * PARAMETERS: vector<string> lis - Menu items to display
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Creates formatted menu display with professional borders
 */
void Menu(vector<string> lis)
{
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                        Menu                           |" << endl;
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	list(lis);  // Display provided menu options
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "|_______________________________________________________|" << endl;
	cout << " ......>> Please select an option <<......" << endl;
	cout << ">:";
}

/*
 * FUNCTION: MenuUnits()
 * PURPOSE: Display unit selection menu for data conversions
 * PARAMETERS: vector<string> MU - Unit options to display
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Shows formatted menu specifically for unit selection
 */
void MenuUnits(vector<string> MU)
{
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                        UNITS                          |" << endl;
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	list(MU);  // Display unit options
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "|_______________________________________________________|" << endl;
	cout << " ......>> Please select an option <<......" << endl;
	cout << ">:";
}

/*
 * FUNCTION: MenuConvert()
 * PURPOSE: Display conversion options menu
 * PARAMETERS: vector<string> MC - Conversion options to display
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Shows formatted menu for conversion direction selection
 */
void MenuConvert(vector<string> MC)
{
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                        CONVERT                        |" << endl;
	cout << "|-------------------------------------------------------|" << endl;
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	list(MC);  // Display conversion options
	cout << "|                                                       |" << endl;
	cout << "|_______________________________________________________|" << endl;
	cout << " ......>> Please select an option <<......" << endl;
	cout << ">:";
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//                        NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION FUNCTIONS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

/*
 * FUNCTION: DecimalToBinary()
 * PURPOSE: Convert decimal number to binary representation
 * PARAMETERS: int decimal - The decimal number to convert
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Uses modulo and division algorithm to convert decimal to binary
 *              and displays the result in proper binary format
 */
void DecimalToBinary(int decimal)
{
	vector<int> binarys;  // Store binary digits
	int result;  // Temporary storage for remainder

	cout << "The number ("<<decimal << ") after conversion to binary : ";
	
	// Standard algorithm: divide by 2 and collect remainders
	while (decimal > 0)
	{
		result = decimal % 2;  // Get remainder (binary digit)
		binarys.push_back(result);  // Store digit
		decimal /= 2;  // Integer division by 2
	}
	
	// Display binary digits in reverse order (MSB first)
	for (int i = binarys.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		cout<< binarys.at(i) << " ";
	}
}

/*
 * FUNCTION: BinaryToDecimal()
 * PURPOSE: Convert binary string to decimal number
 * PARAMETERS: string binary - Binary number as string
 * RETURNS: int - The decimal equivalent
 * DESCRIPTION: Uses positional notation with powers of 2 to convert
 *              binary representation to decimal value
 */
int BinaryToDecimal(string binary)
{
	int res = 0;  // Result accumulator
	
	// Process each bit from left to right
	for (size_t i = 0; i < binary.length(); i++)
	{
		// Convert char to int and multiply by appropriate power of 2
		res += int(binary[i] - '0') * pow(2, binary.length() - 1 - i);
	}
	
	return res;  // Return decimal equivalent
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//                            MATHEMATICAL UTILITY FUNCTIONS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

/*
 * FUNCTION: powr()
 * PURPOSE: Calculate power of a number using iterative method
 * PARAMETERS: double num - Base number
 *            double power - Exponent
 * RETURNS: double - Result of num^power
 * DESCRIPTION: Custom power function using loop for precise calculation
 */
double powr(double num, double power)
{
	double result=1;  // Initialize result
	
	// Multiply base by itself 'power' times
	for (size_t i = 0; i < power; ++i)
	{
		result *= num;
	}

	return result;  // Return calculated power
}

/*
 * FUNCTION: units()
 * PURPOSE: Convert data units using base 1024 calculation
 * PARAMETERS: double num - Value to convert
 *            int power - Power of 1024 for conversion
 * RETURNS: double - Converted value
 * DESCRIPTION: Multiplies input by 1024^power for data unit conversion
 */
double units(double num, int power)
{
	return num * powr(1024, power);  // Use custom power function for precision
}

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
//                        DATA UNIT CONVERSION FUNCTIONS (LARGE TO SMALL)
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

/*
 * FUNCTION: Yottabytes()
 * PURPOSE: Convert Yottabytes to smaller units
 * PARAMETERS: int ch - Target unit selection (1-7)
 * RETURNS: void
 * DESCRIPTION: Handles conversion from Yottabytes to ZB, EB, PB, TB, GB, MB, KB
 */
void Yottabytes(int ch)
{
	double value;  // User input value
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout<< value<<"YB =" << units(value, 1)<<"ZB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 2)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "YB =" << units(value, 2) << "EB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 3)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "YB =" << units(value, 3) << "PB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 4)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "YB =" << units(value, 4) << "TB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 5)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "YB =" << units(value, 5) << "GB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 6)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "YB =" << units(value, 6) << "MB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 7)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Yottabytes" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "YB =" << units(value, 7) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Zettabyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Zettabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "ZB =" << units(value, 1) << "EB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 2)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Zettabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "ZB =" << units(value, 2) << "PB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 3)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Zettabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "ZB =" << units(value, 3) << "TB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 4)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Zettabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "ZB =" << units(value, 4) << "GB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 5)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Zettabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "ZB =" << units(value, 5) << "MB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 6)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Zettabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "ZB =" << units(value, 6) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Exabyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Exabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "EB =" << units(value, 1) << "PB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 2)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Exabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "EB =" << units(value, 2) << "TB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 3)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Exabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "EB =" << units(value, 3) << "GB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 4)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Exabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "EB =" << units(value, 4) << "MB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 5)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Exabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "EB =" << units(value, 5) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Petabyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Petabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "PB =" << units(value, 1) << "TB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 2)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Petabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "PB =" << units(value, 2) << "GB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 3)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Petabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "PB =" << units(value, 3) << "MB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 4)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Petabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "PB =" << units(value, 4) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Terabyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Terabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "TB =" << units(value, 1) << "GB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 2)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Terabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "TB =" << units(value, 2) << "MB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 3)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Terabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "TB =" << units(value, 3) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Gigabyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Gigabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "GB =" << units(value, 1) << "MB" << endl;
	}
	else if (ch == 2)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Gigabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;

		cout << value << "GB =" << units(value, 2) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Megabyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Megabyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "MB =" << units(value, 1) << "KB" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}
}
void Kilobyte(int ch)
{
	double value;
	if (ch == 1)
	{
		cout << "Enter the value in Kilobyte" << endl;
		cout << ":";
		cin >> value;
		cout << value << "KB =" << units(value, 1) << "B" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
		cout << "Incorrect selection, please try again." << endl;
		cout << "<><><><><><><><><><><><><><>" << endl;
	}

}